Watermelon is widely grown in China, with large quantities and high yields, and is mostly listed in summer. Doing a good job of storage and preservation of watermelons and extending the supply period can improve the economic benefits of melon farmers and enrich the market supply.
1. Selection of storage-resistant varieties The storage characteristics of different varieties of watermelon are very different, which is mainly related to the disease resistance of the varieties, the sensitivity to chilling injury and their own nutrient content. According to experiments, Zhongyu No. 10, Fengshou No. 2, Xincheng, honey orange and Zhejiang honey are relatively easy to store, while Zahua, Shihong No. 1, Su Mi, Zhongyu No. 1, Qionglu and other varieties have good storage. Poor. Xinhongbao is sensitive to cold and affects the storage effect. The symptoms of chilling injury are pits on the surface of melons. The small round pits with an initial length of about 2 mm gradually spread out into irregular shapes with a relatively flat bottom and sharp edges. They moved to temperatures above 20° C. Severe odor.
2. Strengthen the management of field diseases The major diseases during the storage of watermelon such as anthrax, blight, and brown spoilage disease are infected with germs in the field. Therefore, disease prevention and control should be strengthened to reduce sickness in the field, eliminate diseased leaves in the field at any time, prevent flooding in the rainy season, and eliminate water accumulation in the field in time. Can be used 50% carbendazim 800 times, 70% thiophanate 1000 times, 75% chlorothalonil WP 600 times, at the beginning of the initial period of spraying or irrigation, spray every 7 to 10 days. More than three years of rotation should be implemented for non-melon crops on severely affected plots.
3. The quality of harvested watermelons harvested during the appropriate period is poor, and the overripe melons are susceptible to storage. In general, the late-maturing varieties flowered for about 40 days, and several tendrils were withered near the fruit. The fluff of the fruit was shed, the peel was smooth and shiny, and the melons were dulled by hand. The melons were very mature and ready to eat. The melons used for storage should be appropriately advanced and should be harvested when it matures.
4, to avoid mechanical damage Watermelon in the harvest, handling and transportation process, strong vibration, extrusion, etc. can easily cause damage, easily corrupted into storage, mechanical injury on the peel for the invasion of bacteria provides a channel. Therefore, storage of watermelon must avoid skin damage, but also to prevent the squeeze, pressure, falling and strong vibration, it is best stored in the place of origin to avoid excessive transport and long-distance transport.
5. Preserved preserved watermelon before storage can be fumigated with clotrinone, RQA, etc. to prevent diseases during storage. Method is to Keluling drug solution containing 0.1 to 0.2 ml per kilogram of the amount of adsorption on cotton balls or absorbent paper, scattered around the melon, and then sealed with plastic film fumigation 24 hours.
6, the storage temperature The appropriate temperature for storage of watermelon should be selected according to the cultivation area and length of storage. Under the premise of not generating odor, the lower the storage temperature is, the better the meat flavor is, but the low temperature is prone to cold injury, which affects the appearance of the melon and reduces the value of the product. The longer the storage time at low temperatures, the more likely it is cold damage. According to the experiment, the threshold temperature for producing chilling injury in watermelon is 16°C in Shanghai and 12.5°C in Beijing, and it does not produce chilling damage in Heilongjiang during storage at 11°C. Shanghai Hongbao is stored at 8°C for 15 days, that is, 40% of melons suffer cold damage, and 22,100% of them are cold-chilled. Therefore, a short storage time can be used to lower the storage temperature, in order to better maintain the quality of the storage period of more than 20 days, it should be kept above the cold damage threshold temperature.
7, storage methods watermelon can be piled or racking. Choose cool and dry rooms or arbors, lay 5 to 10 cm thick dry sand or wheat straw on the ground, store 2 to 3 layers of squash, or place them on shelves. Before storage, use gemmazone fumigation. During storage, pay attention to ventilation and dehumidification, diligently check, and promptly clean up the diseased rotten melons that are not resistant to storage.
1. Selection of storage-resistant varieties The storage characteristics of different varieties of watermelon are very different, which is mainly related to the disease resistance of the varieties, the sensitivity to chilling injury and their own nutrient content. According to experiments, Zhongyu No. 10, Fengshou No. 2, Xincheng, honey orange and Zhejiang honey are relatively easy to store, while Zahua, Shihong No. 1, Su Mi, Zhongyu No. 1, Qionglu and other varieties have good storage. Poor. Xinhongbao is sensitive to cold and affects the storage effect. The symptoms of chilling injury are pits on the surface of melons. The small round pits with an initial length of about 2 mm gradually spread out into irregular shapes with a relatively flat bottom and sharp edges. They moved to temperatures above 20° C. Severe odor.
2. Strengthen the management of field diseases The major diseases during the storage of watermelon such as anthrax, blight, and brown spoilage disease are infected with germs in the field. Therefore, disease prevention and control should be strengthened to reduce sickness in the field, eliminate diseased leaves in the field at any time, prevent flooding in the rainy season, and eliminate water accumulation in the field in time. Can be used 50% carbendazim 800 times, 70% thiophanate 1000 times, 75% chlorothalonil WP 600 times, at the beginning of the initial period of spraying or irrigation, spray every 7 to 10 days. More than three years of rotation should be implemented for non-melon crops on severely affected plots.
3. The quality of harvested watermelons harvested during the appropriate period is poor, and the overripe melons are susceptible to storage. In general, the late-maturing varieties flowered for about 40 days, and several tendrils were withered near the fruit. The fluff of the fruit was shed, the peel was smooth and shiny, and the melons were dulled by hand. The melons were very mature and ready to eat. The melons used for storage should be appropriately advanced and should be harvested when it matures.
4, to avoid mechanical damage Watermelon in the harvest, handling and transportation process, strong vibration, extrusion, etc. can easily cause damage, easily corrupted into storage, mechanical injury on the peel for the invasion of bacteria provides a channel. Therefore, storage of watermelon must avoid skin damage, but also to prevent the squeeze, pressure, falling and strong vibration, it is best stored in the place of origin to avoid excessive transport and long-distance transport.
5. Preserved preserved watermelon before storage can be fumigated with clotrinone, RQA, etc. to prevent diseases during storage. Method is to Keluling drug solution containing 0.1 to 0.2 ml per kilogram of the amount of adsorption on cotton balls or absorbent paper, scattered around the melon, and then sealed with plastic film fumigation 24 hours.
6, the storage temperature The appropriate temperature for storage of watermelon should be selected according to the cultivation area and length of storage. Under the premise of not generating odor, the lower the storage temperature is, the better the meat flavor is, but the low temperature is prone to cold injury, which affects the appearance of the melon and reduces the value of the product. The longer the storage time at low temperatures, the more likely it is cold damage. According to the experiment, the threshold temperature for producing chilling injury in watermelon is 16°C in Shanghai and 12.5°C in Beijing, and it does not produce chilling damage in Heilongjiang during storage at 11°C. Shanghai Hongbao is stored at 8°C for 15 days, that is, 40% of melons suffer cold damage, and 22,100% of them are cold-chilled. Therefore, a short storage time can be used to lower the storage temperature, in order to better maintain the quality of the storage period of more than 20 days, it should be kept above the cold damage threshold temperature.
7, storage methods watermelon can be piled or racking. Choose cool and dry rooms or arbors, lay 5 to 10 cm thick dry sand or wheat straw on the ground, store 2 to 3 layers of squash, or place them on shelves. Before storage, use gemmazone fumigation. During storage, pay attention to ventilation and dehumidification, diligently check, and promptly clean up the diseased rotten melons that are not resistant to storage.
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