Identification and Diagnosis of Calcium Deficiency in Rice Symptoms of calcium deficiency in rice first occur in young roots and on the ground. The root growth was poor, the meristem of the stem and root tip was damaged, the root tip cells rotted and died, and the plants were dwarfed by premature aging. The young leaves curled and the tips of the leaves became sticky. The leaf edges were yellow and gradually withered. The shape of the new leaves and the edge of the yellow leaves withered yellow, the old leaves are still green, less solid, more pods. Diagnosis should pay attention to the following points: Calcium deficiency and some of the symptoms of boron deficiency are similar, such as growth points, apical buds and root tips withered, death, tender shoots and new leaf distortion, deformation, etc., easy to confuse, we must pay attention to identify. However, the boron-deficient leaves and petioles become thicker, thicker, and more brittle, and often produce brown substances inside. However, calcium deficiency does not have this symptom. Plant analysis and diagnosis. The difference in plant calcium content is quite large, and the dicotyledonous plants such as crucifers and leguminous plants are significantly higher in content than monocotyledonous grasses. The leaching of strong acidic low-alkali soils in the south is prone to calcium deficiency. It is generally believed that the replacement of calcium is less than 5 ~ 6 mg / 100 grams of soil, the crop may be calcium deficiency; calcium in the soil often occurs in calcium deficiency, is caused by high concentrations of soil salts inhibited the absorption of calcium caused. Therefore, in the soil diagnosis, we must pay attention to the detection of salt concentration, combined with the comprehensive analysis of plant calcium status, make correct judgments. Calcium deficiency in plants is often not caused by lack of calcium in the soil, but due to physiological functions such as calcium absorption and transport in the plant. The total calcium content in China's soil is very different in different regions. In high-temperature, rainy and humid areas, no matter how much calcium is contained in the parent material, calcium content is very low after long-term weathering and soil formation. For example, the total calcium content of red soil and yellow soil is below 4 g/kg; In arid and semi-arid regions where leaching is weak, the total calcium content of the soil is usually around 10 g/kg, and calcium deficiency is generally not present. There are several ways to prevent and cure: The application of calcium fertilizer acidic soil calcium deficiency, can be applied lime, not only provides calcium nutrition, but also neutralizes the soil acidity. For neutral, alkaline soil, in view of the reasons for root absorption is blocked, the soil is ineffective, should be used to spray the foliage, generally 0.3% to 0.5% calcium chloride solution, and even spray several times. Due to the large application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers, the concentration of soil solution is increased, which inhibits the absorption of calcium by crops. This is especially true of ammonium nitrogen fertilizers. Therefore, controlling the use of fertilizers to prevent excessive concentrations of soil salts is the basic measure for preventing and controlling calcium deficiency in rice. High temperature and drought, and the concentration of soil solution, especially in the period when the crop needs more calcium, in case of drought can easily induce calcium deficiency, it should be timely irrigation.
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