Pay attention to the following three aspects when choosing a boiler:
(1) The boiler unit design of the coal type is based on the composition of a representative coal type. The boiler must be carefully adapted to the coal type in the region. In addition, a new type of boiler with high thermal efficiency and high degree of automation should be selected.
(2) Parameter selection The boiler is generally high in efficiency at 80%-90% of the rated load. As the load decreases, the efficiency also decreases. Generally, the capacity of the boiler is 10% larger than the actual steam consumption. If the selected parameter is not exactly the series standard, the boiler with the higher first parameter is selected. The selection of boiler auxiliary machines should also refer to the above principles to avoid "big horses".
(3) The principle of quantity selection is to consider the normal maintenance and shutdown of the boiler, and also pay attention to the number of boilers in the boiler room not more than 3-4.
In order to reduce the heat loss of the boiler and increase the thermal efficiency of the boiler, the boiler should be equipped with the heat-receiving surface of the economizer in the flue of the boiler, and use the heat of the flue gas to heat the boiler feed water to save energy. After installing the economizer, improve The feed water temperature reduces the temperature difference between the boiler water and the feed water, reducing the thermal efficiency of the boiler feed water.
State regulations: Where the exhaust gas temperature of the boiler is less than 250 °C; the exhaust temperature of the boiler is not more than 200 °C; ≥ 10 tons / hour, the exhaust temperature of the boiler is not more than 160 °C, otherwise the province should be installed Coaler.
Boiler operation and coal-saving boiler workers should operate as follows to save coal:
(1) The coal pieces sent in are as uniform as possible, and the large pieces are broken;
(2) adding an appropriate amount of water to the coal to reduce the flying of the coal dust;
(3) Quickly investing coal, setting fire quickly, clearing the furnace block to shorten the opening time of the furnace door, reduce leakage and keep the furnace temperature;
(4) The coal seam should not be too thick, and the coal seam should be flat to facilitate ventilation;
(5) According to the change of load, adjust the combustion in time to achieve uniform steam supply.
9. Steam graded by steam has a characteristic that it can be continuously graded and utilized. The more times it is used, the more sufficient the energy is used. If the steam with high grade is used for back pressure power generation, then it will drive the industrial steam turbine. Work, then use the product or material to cook or heat, hot water, etc. This is to achieve a reasonable grade utilization of steam.
Insulation of heat pipe network and heat equipment (1) Range of heat preservation (1) Various equipment pipes and accessories with external surface temperature greater than 50 °C.
(2) It is necessary to prevent or reduce the solidification and freezing of the medium in equipment, pipelines and their accessories in industrial production;
(3) Equipment, pipelines and their accessories that are not suitable for heat preservation in industrial production, whose external temperature exceeds 60 °C, but need to be frequently operated and maintained, which can cause burns;
(2) Performance requirements of thermal insulation materials (1) Thermal conductivity: When the temperature is ≤ 650 °C, the thermal conductivity value shall not exceed 0.12 kcal / m • hour • kWh, and there is a clear thermal conductivity equation or chart with temperature;
(2) Compressive strength: the compressive strength of the molded product is ≥3 kg/cm 2 ;
(3) Must indicate the high use temperature of zui;
(4) The bulk density is small and the value should be indicated;
(5) Fire resistance, water absorption, corrosion resistance, etc., must be indicated.
(III) Principles of thermal insulation engineering design (1) The heat loss of equipment piping and its accessories after heat preservation shall be less than the “allowed large heat dissipation value†of the national regulations;
(2) Under the premise that the physical and chemical properties of the thermal insulation material meet the requirements of the process, thermal insulation materials with low thermal conductivity, low density and low price should be preferred;
(3) The choice of insulation materials and insulation thickness should be such that the cost of materials, installation and maintenance due to insulation and the heat loss after insulation are low during the entire life.
(4) Quality inspection and acceptance of thermal insulation engineering (1) The bulk density, service temperature, thermal conductivity and variety specifications of thermal insulation materials shall comply with the design requirements and relevant regulations;
(2) The insulation structure shall not have cracks and depressions, and the surface irregularity shall not exceed 10 mm within 3 meters;
(3) The thickness deviation of the insulation structure shall not exceed +10~-5% of the design thickness;
(4) The seam of the protective layer should avoid the direction of rain washing and should not be wrinkled and cracked.
Matters needing attention when the plant is equipped with steam pipes (1) Whether the pipe diameter is compatible with the steam consumption depends on the purpose of use. For heat loss, the general steam piping has a small heat loss and is economical. However, if the main pipe uses a small pipe, the steam flow rate in the pipe is too high, which will cause the pipe to resonate, so the steam flow rate is generally controlled at about 50 m / s. The range of flow rates of the steam in the tube varies depending on the type of steam used, ie, superheated steam or saturated steam. The flow rate of saturated steam is narrow, preferably 20~30 m/s. Therefore, the pipe diameter is determined by the flow rate range of the steam in the pipe.
(2) The direction of the pipeline to the place where the steam is used. If it can take a short distance, use that direction. If the distance is long, the pressure drop must be considered. At the same time, consideration must be given to the thermal expansion of the pipe caused by steam and the precautions for using the expansion joint, selecting the appropriate expansion joint of the pipe and discharging the condensate in the treatment pipe.
(3) In order to maintain the stability of the steam pressure inside the pipe, whether the pressure reducing valve works normally, and whether the safety valve can be started accurately, it must be regularly maintained and managed. In addition, in long-term use, steam leaks will occur in pipe joints and valves, so it is necessary to consider timely and regular maintenance to improve the leakage.
In order to automatically discharge the air or condensate mixed into the steam line, install the steam trap at the appropriate location and check its operation to improve the efficiency of steam use. In particular, the air mixed in the steam will lower the partial pressure of the steam and lower the temperature of the steam, so a steam trap must be used in order to discharge the air and recover the condensed water.
(1) The boiler unit design of the coal type is based on the composition of a representative coal type. The boiler must be carefully adapted to the coal type in the region. In addition, a new type of boiler with high thermal efficiency and high degree of automation should be selected.
(2) Parameter selection The boiler is generally high in efficiency at 80%-90% of the rated load. As the load decreases, the efficiency also decreases. Generally, the capacity of the boiler is 10% larger than the actual steam consumption. If the selected parameter is not exactly the series standard, the boiler with the higher first parameter is selected. The selection of boiler auxiliary machines should also refer to the above principles to avoid "big horses".
(3) The principle of quantity selection is to consider the normal maintenance and shutdown of the boiler, and also pay attention to the number of boilers in the boiler room not more than 3-4.
In order to reduce the heat loss of the boiler and increase the thermal efficiency of the boiler, the boiler should be equipped with the heat-receiving surface of the economizer in the flue of the boiler, and use the heat of the flue gas to heat the boiler feed water to save energy. After installing the economizer, improve The feed water temperature reduces the temperature difference between the boiler water and the feed water, reducing the thermal efficiency of the boiler feed water.
State regulations: Where the exhaust gas temperature of the boiler is less than 250 °C; the exhaust temperature of the boiler is not more than 200 °C; ≥ 10 tons / hour, the exhaust temperature of the boiler is not more than 160 °C, otherwise the province should be installed Coaler.
Boiler operation and coal-saving boiler workers should operate as follows to save coal:
(1) The coal pieces sent in are as uniform as possible, and the large pieces are broken;
(2) adding an appropriate amount of water to the coal to reduce the flying of the coal dust;
(3) Quickly investing coal, setting fire quickly, clearing the furnace block to shorten the opening time of the furnace door, reduce leakage and keep the furnace temperature;
(4) The coal seam should not be too thick, and the coal seam should be flat to facilitate ventilation;
(5) According to the change of load, adjust the combustion in time to achieve uniform steam supply.
9. Steam graded by steam has a characteristic that it can be continuously graded and utilized. The more times it is used, the more sufficient the energy is used. If the steam with high grade is used for back pressure power generation, then it will drive the industrial steam turbine. Work, then use the product or material to cook or heat, hot water, etc. This is to achieve a reasonable grade utilization of steam.
Insulation of heat pipe network and heat equipment (1) Range of heat preservation (1) Various equipment pipes and accessories with external surface temperature greater than 50 °C.
(2) It is necessary to prevent or reduce the solidification and freezing of the medium in equipment, pipelines and their accessories in industrial production;
(3) Equipment, pipelines and their accessories that are not suitable for heat preservation in industrial production, whose external temperature exceeds 60 °C, but need to be frequently operated and maintained, which can cause burns;
(2) Performance requirements of thermal insulation materials (1) Thermal conductivity: When the temperature is ≤ 650 °C, the thermal conductivity value shall not exceed 0.12 kcal / m • hour • kWh, and there is a clear thermal conductivity equation or chart with temperature;
(2) Compressive strength: the compressive strength of the molded product is ≥3 kg/cm 2 ;
(3) Must indicate the high use temperature of zui;
(4) The bulk density is small and the value should be indicated;
(5) Fire resistance, water absorption, corrosion resistance, etc., must be indicated.
(III) Principles of thermal insulation engineering design (1) The heat loss of equipment piping and its accessories after heat preservation shall be less than the “allowed large heat dissipation value†of the national regulations;
(2) Under the premise that the physical and chemical properties of the thermal insulation material meet the requirements of the process, thermal insulation materials with low thermal conductivity, low density and low price should be preferred;
(3) The choice of insulation materials and insulation thickness should be such that the cost of materials, installation and maintenance due to insulation and the heat loss after insulation are low during the entire life.
(4) Quality inspection and acceptance of thermal insulation engineering (1) The bulk density, service temperature, thermal conductivity and variety specifications of thermal insulation materials shall comply with the design requirements and relevant regulations;
(2) The insulation structure shall not have cracks and depressions, and the surface irregularity shall not exceed 10 mm within 3 meters;
(3) The thickness deviation of the insulation structure shall not exceed +10~-5% of the design thickness;
(4) The seam of the protective layer should avoid the direction of rain washing and should not be wrinkled and cracked.
Matters needing attention when the plant is equipped with steam pipes (1) Whether the pipe diameter is compatible with the steam consumption depends on the purpose of use. For heat loss, the general steam piping has a small heat loss and is economical. However, if the main pipe uses a small pipe, the steam flow rate in the pipe is too high, which will cause the pipe to resonate, so the steam flow rate is generally controlled at about 50 m / s. The range of flow rates of the steam in the tube varies depending on the type of steam used, ie, superheated steam or saturated steam. The flow rate of saturated steam is narrow, preferably 20~30 m/s. Therefore, the pipe diameter is determined by the flow rate range of the steam in the pipe.
(2) The direction of the pipeline to the place where the steam is used. If it can take a short distance, use that direction. If the distance is long, the pressure drop must be considered. At the same time, consideration must be given to the thermal expansion of the pipe caused by steam and the precautions for using the expansion joint, selecting the appropriate expansion joint of the pipe and discharging the condensate in the treatment pipe.
(3) In order to maintain the stability of the steam pressure inside the pipe, whether the pressure reducing valve works normally, and whether the safety valve can be started accurately, it must be regularly maintained and managed. In addition, in long-term use, steam leaks will occur in pipe joints and valves, so it is necessary to consider timely and regular maintenance to improve the leakage.
In order to automatically discharge the air or condensate mixed into the steam line, install the steam trap at the appropriate location and check its operation to improve the efficiency of steam use. In particular, the air mixed in the steam will lower the partial pressure of the steam and lower the temperature of the steam, so a steam trap must be used in order to discharge the air and recover the condensed water.
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