First, the southern jade grape planting points
1.
Generally speaking, in the spring, the result tree begins to sprout. In the first year, the result is mainly tree-raising and tree-shaped. It is necessary to determine the yield according to the tree potential. There must be no more knots. This will ensure that the tree is strong and prosperous every year. Stable, high quality, good harvest.
(Note: It is best to leave a spare branch, the reserve should not be tied and spare, and when the fruit is finished, the bag must be cut off.)
2. Summer pruning
Summer pruning is the basic guarantee for stable production, high yield, high quality and good harvest in the current year and next year. The pruning should be scientific, diligent and timely. The hybrid summer shears of Eurasian species and European and American species are different. The results of Nanyu are topped at 7~8 leaves above the first spike, and the top 3~4 leaves are no longer prolonged. After the 1st to 3rd toppings, the deputy will not pick up the heart for a while. If the branch is not well-transparent, it will affect the growth of the flower spikes.
3. Nutrient branch pruning
The vegetative branches retained at the base grow to the top of the 10~12 leaves, and the tree is strong. The top deputy is slightly extended by about 6 leaves. The top of the middle is slightly left 3~4 leaves repeatedly, the vegetative branch 1~ After two times of topping, the deputy who grew up left a little 4 hearts. Such a nutritional branch is the result of the coming year.
4. Grape ripening and trimming
When the grapes are ripe and mature, the fruit needs good illumination. As a result, all the deputy who are not picking the heart before leaving the branch will leave 4~5 leaves to pick the heart. If necessary, the leaves of the ears will be removed, which is good for fruit coloring.
Second, the result of the tree fertilizer and water management
1. Fertilizer made of compost
The base fertilizer is best mixed with farmyard manure such as chicken, pig and cow, and organic matter such as chaff, sawdust and broken straw. It requires 1000 kg of chicken manure per acre, 2000 to 4000 kg of wet, and 2000 kg of organic matter such as chaff, rapeseed.粕100 kg, 50 kg of superphosphate. After stirring evenly, the stack was sealed with a plastic film for 6 months. If the bacteria are fermented for 15 to 30 days, it can be used.
2. Applying base fertilizer
Generally, after 2 to 3 months of harvesting, the grapes are fertilized, and shallow trenches are opened on both sides of the fruit trees. The fertilizer required for each acre is uniformly applied uniformly, and 50 kg of calcium phosphate, 50 kg of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus, and 2.5 kg of borax are applied. The special fertilizer for the grapes is 40 kg, and then the soil is covered. If the tree is strong, the amount of fertilizer can be appropriately reduced. (Note: when the ditch is slightly away from the root, do not hurt the main root, the position of the base fertilizer should be changed every year, the south jade grows strong, and the nitrogen fertilizer is applied less).
3. Water management
As a result, the tree should be irrigated once in the germination, and the germination should be tidy. The young fruit can be irrigated more than once, and the humidity in the soil can be maintained, which is beneficial to the rapid expansion of the young fruit, and the humidity in the soil at the young fruit stage is above 60%. To control the water properly during the coloring period, especially when the fruit is mature, the water should be strictly controlled, and the surface of the ground should be kept dry, which is conducive to improving the quality, not easy to rotten fruit, and reducing the cracking of the fruit. If the drought is too long, the horse water can be properly poured. Note: It is not possible to irrigate the flowering period and the first few days of the harvesting period.
4. Topdressing management
After applying the base fertilizer, before and after the germination in the pre-growth stage, the tree in the weak and weak potential can apply a little nitrogen-containing fertilizer. Apply 40 kg of special biological compound fertilizer from the hard core to the coloring period, and add some calcium fertilizer to increase the hardness of the fruit. Nanyu grape grows strong, so it is necessary to properly control the available nitrogen fertilizer and fertilizer amount, and control the tree potential to make the growth balance one of the key technologies for planting “Nanyu Grapeâ€. (Note: water must be filled after topdressing, fat is passed on the water and absorbed by the roots)
5. Spray foliar fertilizer
Results In the tree growth period, foliar fertilizer should be sprayed, and the growth period should be from the early stage to the young fruit expansion period. 0.2% urea and nitrogen-containing commercial foliar fertilizer can be added during the fight; 0.2% phosphoric acid can be added during the hard core to the coloring period. Hydrogen potassium or phosphorus-containing potassium commercial foliar fertilizer, young fruit stage, and coloring period can be sprayed once 0.2% of grain vinegar to better improve quality. The sprayed surface fertilizer is generally applied once every 20 days, which increases the thickness of the leaves and improves the photosynthesis of the leaves. (Note: In the grape growth, when the top dressing and the spray are also noodle, the amount should not be too thick, and the high temperature can not be sprayed with the pesticide, avoiding the high temperature and heavy fertilizer, and burning the leaves. It is strictly prohibited to apply fertilizer and water during the flowering period. It is only after 4 o'clock in the flowering period to fight drugs.)
Third, thinning flowers and thinning, whole ears
It is very important to reduce the fruit and the whole ear, and it is to improve the quality and price of the fruit. The fruit rate of Nanyu grape is very high, and the flower spike is large, so it must be standardized.
Sparse
When the flower spikes are all unfolded, that is, the flower can be thinned about 7 days before flowering, first remove the accessory ear and pick the tip of the ear. If the spikes are large, the upper 1~4 spikelets and tips can be removed, and the spikes and small tips can be removed from the spikes.
2. Thinning the whole ear
After the flowering is finished, the fruit can be thinned when the size of the peanut is small. The single fruit, the odd fruit and the excessively dense fruit are cut off. Generally, the ear is 80-120, and the ear weight is 600~. 900 grams is good, this will ensure that the table is large and even. In the fruit thinning, all the debris such as the corolla tendril on the ear must be completely removed.
The Nanyu grape is a scattered spike shape. The ear should not be too tight, and the medium-tight shape can also be used. The ear is conical and cylindrical, which is beautiful and easy to pack.
Fourth, the result tree pest control
Nanyu grape is an Eurasian species, with thin leafy leaves and high temperature and humidity in the southern area. It is the key to planting good grapes to control pests and diseases. The following must be done:
1. It is necessary to grasp the local law and time of occurrence of pests and diseases, and fight drugs 5 to 7 days before the occurrence of pests and diseases to prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases.
2. To master the local meteorological conditions, prevent rain after the rain, and take the initiative.
3. It is necessary to combine systemic and contact pesticides, treat the inside of the table, spray and combine with the roots, and prevent them from happening together.
4. To master the local growth of “Nanyu Grapeâ€, cultivate the tree strong, the leaves are thick, the fruit should be reasonable, the branch distance should be wider, the result should be higher, the ear should not be too large and too tight, and the ventilation and light should be good. .
5. In the winter, the disinfection work of the Qingyuan Garden should be carried out thoroughly and thoroughly. All the diseased branches, diseased leaves, fallen leaves, whiskers, weeds, etc. on the ground and steel wire should be removed. After burning outside the park, use 5 degree sulphur mixture on the ground. , tree branches, cement columns, steel wire, etc., the park is fully and carefully sprayed, like cleaning.
6. When the scales of the spring buds are split, during the embroidering period, the 3~5 degree stone sulphur mixture is used for the first time, and then sprayed, and the shot is more careful, comprehensive and important than the first time.
7. Fighting essentials: comprehensive and careful, first from the bottom up, then from top to bottom, from left to right, then from right to left, leaving no dead ends. To achieve full pressure, to be foggy, to play in the wind, the wind speed, flow rate, speed should be consistent, to achieve the above seven points, the prevention and control of pests and diseases can be. Specific heavy fights.
Five, bagging
After the grape is thinned in June, the bag can be bagged. Before the bagging, the seed must be disinfected with the germicidal and insecticidal egg mixture, and the bag is immediately bagged after drying. It is better to pack the bag on the same day. Be sure to use a special bag of white paper, which can protect the fruit from causing rotten fruit, less cracking fruit, protecting fruit powder, preventing bird and bee, preventing insects and drug residues.
When the grapes mature in July, it is conducive to maturity and fast coloration. To open the bottom of the bag or remove the paper bag, after the bag is removed, it is better to use a transparent plastic film with a light width of 30*30 cm in a plastic bag. Cut 15 cm into the centimeter, fold the plastic film on both sides of the fruit stem, and staple it with a stapler. Cover the ear like a lampshade. This prevents bird bees and protects the fruit surface from being clean and helps to color. .
Six, winter pruning
The flowering rate of “Nanyu Grape†is very high. According to the X-shaped tree shape, it is generally better to use medium and long trimming. The result is that the branch is thicker than 0.8 cm. The branches are full and the buds are full. The long, medium and short are combined. Based on the summer trimming and the utilization and distribution of the tree and the frame, the cut is trimmed in the predetermined yield.
Seven, graded packaging
Fruit must be graded: special, first, second
1. Super fruit: the ear weight is 600~800g, the average fruit is more than 13g, the fruit is even, the color is bright, there are no spots, spots, spots, fruit powder, fruit is hard, hard candy is about 20 degrees .
2. First-class fruit: The ear weight is above 600, the average fruit size is more than 10 grams, the size is even, there are no lesions, drug spots, scars, bright color, good fruit powder, and hard fruit. The sugar content is above 18 degrees.
3. Grade III fruit: The ear weight is above 400, the fruit weight is above 8 grams, no lesions, drug spots, good color, firm fruit, and the sugar content is above 16 degrees.
3. The packing box is generally divided into 10 kg, 5 kg and 2.5 kg. It must be firm, and the appearance is gorgeous and exquisite, making people feel precious and fashionable.
Before the bag is dismantled, the whole garden should be sterilized and disinfected. First, the stone sulphur mixture and other drugs should be used for the low-grade ground disinfection. Then, 50 kg of lime is sprayed on the ground, and the bag is sprayed on the fruit tree before the bag is opened or the bottom of the bag is opened. Note that the unpacking should be done in batches.
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