Nat Commun: Discover the shape of the nose
November 29, 2016 Source: nature Chinese abstract
Window._bd_share_config={ "common":{ "bdSnsKey":{ },"bdText":"","bdMini":"2","bdMiniList":false,"bdPic":"","bdStyle":" 0","bdSize":"16"},"share":{ }};with(document)0[(getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||body).appendChild(createElement('script')) .src='http://bdimg.share.baidu.com/static/api/js/share.js?v=89860593.js?cdnversion='+~(-new Date()/36e5)];Recently, Andrés Ruiz-Linares, a professor of genetics at University College London, published an online paper in Nature Communications, which found the definitive genes that regulate the shape of human noses in human facial features.
Why do some people have sharp and narrow noses, and some people have wide noses? The scientists studied the genome of about 6,000 people, and analyzed four pairs of genes involved in the regulation of the shape of the nose and a pair of genes that affect the degree of chin protrusion.
Researchers say these findings will help us understand our own evolutionary history. Ruiz-Linares, who led the study, said: "Now our main job is to try to identify these genes and use them to understand our evolutionary problems - to what extent the evolution of these traits is adaptive, and they can To what extent the history of the population is reflected.†In addition, the researchers believe that this study can also help us better understand developmental defects and even provide courtiers with more accurate facial reconstruction of suspects.
Some people are skeptical about this. The genetic variants associated with each trait have been found to account for only about 1% of the observed variation in the population, indicating that more genes are at work. Manfred Kayser, director of the Institute of Genetics and Research at Erasmus University in the Netherlands, said: “Before applying the relevant genes to predict facial features based on DNA, we first need to confirm these results in larger studies, and the results should be Repeat in the sample of relevance."
In the study, the researchers used DNA samples and photographs from 5,958 participants from Latin American countries. The author explains that this community (Latin American population) offers a great opportunity to explore the diversity of facial features as Latin Americans live with Native American, European and African descent. Ruiz-Linares. said: "Europeans usually have narrow, protruding noses, while Native Americans have flatter, wider noses."
In the first step of the study, they took a close look at the participants' photos and divided their faces into 14 different characteristic attributes, including the width of the bridge of the nose, the degree of protrusion of the nose, and the shape of the tip of the nose. Three grades. In the second step, they used a 3D computer model to more accurately analyze the seven facial features of about half of the participants. In both methods, scientists carefully examine the genetic information of the participants to understand the relationship between the traits to be studied and the genes.
The study found that a mutation in a gene named EDAR affects the degree of chin swelling. Interestingly, this gene affects a variety of facial features, and scientists have previously found that it can also affect the size of the earlobe, the thickness of the beard, and whether a person's hair is straight. The study found that there are multiple genes that regulate the shape of the nose. Overall, the GLI3 and PAX1 genes control the size of the nostrils, while the RUNX2 gene controls the width of the nasal bridge. The DCHS2 gene regulates the degree of protrusion of the nose, which determines whether the tip of the nose is facing upwards and the tip of the nose – or it determines whether your nose is charming and straight. Ruiz-Linares believes that these findings are very meaningful, he said: "As we all know, these genes are involved in the synthesis of bone and cartilage, as well as the development of the craniofacial." Not only that, but scientists also found that three genes related to the shape of the nose showed The difference between modern people and our close relatives, the Neanderthals and the Denisova. This suggests that these genes may be involved in regulating the different appearance characteristics between us and our ancient close relatives.
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