Scientific proof: stick to a healthy lifestyle and stay away from cancer
October 27, 2016 Source: Medsci
Window._bd_share_config={ "common":{ "bdSnsKey":{ },"bdText":"","bdMini":"2","bdMiniList":false,"bdPic":"","bdStyle":" 0","bdSize":"16"},"share":{ }};with(document)0[(getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||body).appendChild(createElement('script')) .src='http://bdimg.share.baidu.com/static/api/js/share.js?v=89860593.js?cdnversion='+~(-new Date()/36e5)];As we all know, lifestyle factors are an important factor in the development of cancer. Healthy lifestyle is defined as non-smoking or past smoking <5 packs/bag, no alcohol or suitable for drinking (female ≤ 1 cup/day, male ≤ 2 cups/day), 18.5 ≤ BMI < 27.5, 75 minutes per week high intensity or 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. A number of scientific studies have proven that adhering to a healthy lifestyle can stay away from cancer!
[1] JAMA Oncol: Choose a healthy lifestyle, stay away from cancer
This prospective cohort study analyzed data from nurse health studies, health professional follow-up studies, and cancer and lifestyle-related data from US National Cancer Statistics to assess associations between lifestyle and cancer morbidity and mortality.
Population attributable risk (PAR) was calculated by comparing cancer morbidity and mortality between different risk groups; thereafter, nationwide PARs were assessed by comparing low-risk groups with US populations.
A total of 89,571 women and 46,393 men were enrolled in the two cohorts: 16531 women and 11,731 men in the low-risk group, and 73-040 women and 34-608 men in the high-risk group. For women, the PAR for total cancer morbidity and mortality was 25% and 48%, respectively, and for men, the data were 33% and 44%, respectively. For lung cancer, PAR for women and men were 82% and 78%, colorectal cancer, 295 and 20%, pancreatic cancer, 30% and 29%, bladder cancer, 36% and 44%. The mortality rate of the above cancers is similar. Breast cancer incidence, 4%; breast cancer mortality, 12%; fatal strong adenocarcinoma, 21%. The low-risk group had higher PAR than the US population; for the total cancer incidence, female PAR was 41%, male was 63%; for colorectal cancer, 60% and 59%, respectively.
The results of the study show that by changing lifestyles, a large number of cancers can be prevented. (See article - JAMA Oncol: Choose a healthy lifestyle, stay away from cancer)
[2]Am J Clin Nutr: Healthy lifestyle can reduce all-cause, cancer mortality
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether adherence to the World Cancer Research Foundation (WCRF) and the American Cancer Institute (AICR) cancer prevention recommendations can reduce all-cause, total cancer, and specific types of cancer mortality.
METHODS: A total of 16,722 participants were enrolled in the study, and lifestyles were divided into three categories according to the recommendations of WCRF/AICR. Cox regression models were used to assess associations between lifestyle and all-cause, total cancer, and specific types of cancer mortality. In addition, the relationship between lifestyle and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality was explored.
RESULTS: A total of 3,730 deaths (1332 cancer deaths) were observed during a mean follow-up of 21.7 years. It is best to have a negative correlation with all-cause (HR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.75, 0.89) and total cancer (only male HR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.57, 0.84) compared with the worst lifestyle. . We estimate that ~13% of men who die of premature cancer can be prevented by improving their lifestyle. Better lifestyle was negatively correlated with lung, upper gastrointestinal, gastric and prostate cancer mortality [HR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.51, 0.99; HR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.26, 0.92; HR: 0.34; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.83; HR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.28, 0.82 (only male)]. Cardiovascular mortality was not associated with lifestyle scores (HR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.82, 1.13).
Conclusion: Our findings support adherence to recommendations that emphasize the importance of healthy lifestyles for all-cause mortality and cancer mortality. In order to reduce the burden of cancer in the population, potential health behavior patterns should be emphasized for prevention rather than specific risk factors. (See article - Am J Clin Nutr: Healthy lifestyles reduce all-cause, cancer mortality)
[3] JAMA Oncol: Nearly one-third of breast cancer can be avoided through lifestyle changes
According to data recently published in JAMA Oncology, if women do not smoke or drink, do not use any hormone therapy, and maintain a reasonable weight, then 29% of white breast cancer in the United States can be prevented.
For women living in developed Western countries, breast cancer is the most common form of cancer, and epidemiological data have confirmed that smoking, hormone use, anthropometric factors, alcohol intake and birth history data increase breast cancer risk. Recently, genome-wide association studies have identified 92 common sites associated with breast cancer risk.
Dr. Nilanjan Chatterjee from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and colleagues developed an absolute risk model for breast cancer taking into account the changing and unalterable risk factors. To develop their model, the researchers evaluated 17171 breast cancers and 19862 controls.
The researchers found that the absolute risk of breast cancer in a 30-year-old American white woman before the age of 80 was 11.3%. The model showed that women had the lowest risk distribution of 4.4% (95% CI, 2.9-5) and the highest was 23.5% (95% CI, 15.5-25). Women with the highest risk group, except for unchangeable factors, women with low BMI, no smoking or drinking, and no menopausal hormone therapy, have the same risk as women, which means individuals can significantly reduce breast cancer risk by changing their behavior. . (See article - JAMA Oncol: Nearly one-third of breast cancers can be avoided through lifestyle changes)
[4]Am J Clin Nutr: Effects of lifestyle interventions on plasma fatty acid composition in children
What effect does lifestyle intervention have on children's plasma fatty acid composition? To address this issue, we conducted a study of children to investigate the effects of dietary and exercise interventions on plasma fatty acid constituents in cholesterol esters (CEs) and phospholipids, as well as on dehydrogenase and elongase activity.
Based on the recommendations of the Finnish Nutrition and Exercise Guidelines, we conducted a two-year study of 506 children aged 6-8 years, controlling diet and exercise intervention. Plasma fatty acid fraction was assessed using gas chromatography; dehydrogenase and elongase activity were estimated as indicators of fatty acid production/precursor fatty acid ratio. After adjusting for age and gender, the data was analyzed using a linear mixed model.
The proportion of total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in CEs was increased in the intervention group compared with the control group (P = 0.007). The proportion of total PUFAs in the phospholipids in the control group (P = 0.019) and the ratio of linolenic acid in the CEs (P = 0.038) decreased. The proportion of α-linolenic acid in the CEs of the intervention group increased (P < 0.001), and the proportion of α-linolenic acid in the phospholipid decreased (P = 0.015). The proportion of stearic acid in the CEs of the intervention group was reduced (P = 0.001). The proportion of oleic acid in the CEs of the control group increased (P = 0.002), and the proportion of oleic acid in the phospholipids also increased (P = 0.023). The elongase activity of CEs in the control group was decreased (P = 0.050). The intervention group had no effect on desaturase activity.
The results show that for children, diet and exercise intervention can reduce the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids, increase the ratio of linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid, and have a beneficial effect on plasma fatty acid composition. (See article - Am J Clin Nutr: Effects of lifestyle interventions on plasma fatty acid composition in children)
[5] J Intern Med: A healthy lifestyle lasts for 5 years and will benefit for life!
The study found that participants in the intervention group had a 47% reduction in the incidence of first-onset myocardial infarction. For the participants in the study, we have been followed for 40 years to assess whether dietary + smoking interventions have a lifelong beneficial impact on the risk of death from myocardial infarction.
In this study, 16,203 men were screened between the ages of 40 and 49. Overall, 1232 participants with serum total cholesterol levels of 6.9–8.9 mmol/L were included in the study, 80% of whom were smokers. Dietary interventions mainly include reducing saturated fat intake and increasing fish and vegetable intake, as well as reducing the weight of overweight participants. Smokers are advised to quit smoking. Statistical analysis was performed using Cox regression analysis.
The results showed that participants in the intervention group had a lower risk of first-onset myocardial infarction over a 40-year period (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.51–1.00 compared with the control group; P = 0.049). During the follow-up period, this benefit gradually developed. After 15 years of randomization, the benefits were greatest, and the subsequent curves were parallel. After 8-2 years of randomization, the patient's all-cause mortality rate was decreasing, but no decrease in mortality was found at other times.
Healthy lifestyle interventions can reduce the risk of coronary artery mortality over the next 40 years. Our research shows that a healthy lifestyle lasts for 5 years and can be benefited for life. (See article - J Intern Med: Healthy lifestyle for 5 years, you will benefit for life!)
[6] ADA 2016: High-risk patients with diabetes can delay or prevent disease through lifestyle intervention
According to the American Diabetes Association Scientific Annual Meeting, lifestyle interventions can delay or prevent the onset of disease in high-risk populations of diabetes, and this effect is independent of weight loss.
Dr. Andrea M. Kriska, a professor of epidemiology at the University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, conducted a 12-year follow-up study of 1796 participants, randomized into a lifestyle intervention group (enhanced interventions in nutrition and physical activity, 150 minutes per week). Exercise time and 7% weight loss were targeted (n = 589), metformin group (n = 599) or placebo group (n = 605).
The data showed a significant increase in physical activity in participants in the lifestyle intervention group compared with the metformin or placebo group (P = 0.003). Regardless of the group of participants, 6 metabolic equivalent task times (METs) per week reduced the incidence of diabetes by 2% over an average of 11.9 years.
The results of the study showed that an average of 12 years of physical activity reduced the risk of diabetes, and participants with worse baseline exercise levels benefited more from exercise. In addition, people at high risk of diabetes can increase their physical activity levels while maintaining weight, which can delay or prevent the progression of diabetes. (See article - ADA 2016: High-risk patients with diabetes can delay or prevent disease through lifestyle intervention)
[7] On the importance of a healthy lifestyle: changing the disease can reduce the risk of extra-epidemic diseases?
A prospective trial of dietary carbohydrate intake and male androgen deprivation therapy, Carbohydrate and Prostate Study 1 (CAPS1), found that eating whole grains, beans, fruits and vegetables instead of refined foods can reduce androgens Side effects of deprivation therapy (ADT), such as diabetes, osteoporosis, weight gain, etc.
After a 6-month multicenter randomized trial, men with less carbohydrates and more exercise in their diet lost an average of 21 pounds, and men who did not limit their diet and exercise increased their average weight by 3 pounds; diet movements were limited. Men's fat weight decreased by 16.2%, while the control group increased by 11%.
The researchers concluded that a low-carbohydrate diet can improve insulin sensitivity, causing significant weight loss and preventing bone loss. (See the article for details - on the importance of a healthy lifestyle: can change the risk of exogenous diseases by changing the disease?)
How to evaluate metrics
To clarify the health of the nation, the research team observed 4,745 people randomly assigned to the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. (Although it does not represent the entire country, it is also a large sample of data, and scientists will conduct in-depth observations of the population on a regular basis to explore the situation of other groups of people)
In order to more accurately assess the standards, the scientists are also fighting, they find the most reliable way to assess the health standards, the mouth can be said, nothing can be detected before they can know.
Is smoking in the end?
It’s not that you didn’t smoke without smoking. Second-hand smoke is more harmful. Scientists measured serum cotinine by blood and measured the smoking status by 27 isotope dilution high performance liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry. According to the state of serum cotinine, it is judged whether or not smoking is performed.
Measuring body fat certainly does not depend on the formula
Body fat%=(1.20×BMI)+(0.23×age)? (10.8×sex)? 5.4, ​​where male gender is 1 and female is 0. (NO)
Body fat percentage was determined by whole body dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan, with normal values ​​being 5%-20% for men and 8%-30% for women.
How is exercise quantified?
Subjects recorded all sports by wearing a dedicated mobile testing center device, ActiGraph LLC, in addition to water sports and sleeping. This device quantifies the amount of exercise through professional code conversion by statistically moving the time, frequency and intensity.
How to evaluate a reasonable diet
The only self-reported data in the experiment was diet, but it was not casual.
Subjects were asked to record the food and water intake throughout the day and calculate the Healthy Diet Index (HEI) score through the Dietary Data Collection System. HEI consists of 12 items (total fruit intake, whole fruit, total vegetables, dark, orange vegetables, cereals, milk, meat and beans, oil, saturated fat, salt, calorie intake of solid fat, alcohol Drinks and extra Sugar intake). After the score, 40% of the people in the top of the HEI score were considered healthy.
Canned Fish,Canned Mackerel,Tinned Fish,Can Salmon
ZHONGSHAN G.H.L. TRADING CO., LTD. , https://www.ghltrade.com