The peony is a deciduous shrub of the genus Paeoniae, which is known as "the king of flowers".
Peony Xi cool fear heat, hi dry evil, hi light, slightly tolerant shade. In Luoyang, the flowering period is usually in mid-late April. Summer is the key period for the rapid growth, nutrient accumulation and flower bud differentiation of peony leaf, and it is also the multiple period of harm caused by pests, weeds and droughts. Therefore, it is of great significance to effectively strengthen the scientific management of peony in the summer, and to ensure the robust growth and good development of the plants, and to promote flowering and fragrance in the following year. Based on Luoyang's summer climate characteristics and combined with its own work practices, the author put forward several key issues and solutions for scientific management of summer peony.
Adequate fertilization
Peony hi fertilizer, early summer should be topdressing "flower after the fertilizer" to supplement the flowering consumption of nutrients, is conducive to flower bud differentiation and nutrition accumulation. The lack of fertilizer after flowering will cause the plant growth to be thin, the leaves will be thin and light, and the resistance will be weakened. The phenomenon of dry tip and focal edge of leaves will occur easily in the hot sun. In the middle and early May, top-dressing compound fertilizers mainly composed of phosphate fertilizer can also be applied to some fermented liquid fertilizers, or with 0.2% to 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, foliar treasure, sprayed Foliar spray fertilizer, causing plants to flourish.
Reasonable irrigation and drainage
Peony roots are fleshy roots, slightly tolerant of drought and impatience. After entering the summer, as the temperature rises, the amount of water evaporation increases, and the plant's demand for water also increases. At the same time, summer precipitation is relatively large and relatively concentrated, so drainage and irrigation is one of the important measures for the management of peony in summer.
I. Timely Irrigation Luoyang often has “droughts and droughts†before the onset of the early summer rainy season. Watering should be timely. In June, depending on the specific circumstances, it is necessary to pour two or three times of water, and after entering the rainy season in July and August, it is generally not watered. Watering should be done in the early morning or early evening to keep the soil moist and not too wet.
Second, pay attention to the flood season before entering the rainy season, timely renovation of the field drainage ditch. In low-lying areas, flood control cofferdams should be installed around the Peony Garden to prevent the inflow of external surface turbulence during the rainy season. Drainage pumps should be provided in large-scale planting areas for emergency use. In the event of heavy rain, water should be drained quickly. It is also possible to accelerate the loss of plough layer water through deep cultivating or increasing the number of cultivating.
Some peony gardens were mechanically squeezed during the construction process to form a solid underground knot layer. Ploughing water can make peony rot, often causing peony “fallâ€, causing degradation of the variety. In severe cases, peony will die in large areas. Eliminates the formation of underground slabs and effectively eliminates gravity water in the soil. Dig deeper drains in the field or drill holes between rows to facilitate drainage.
Pest control
High temperature and high humidity in summer are the season of high incidence of peony pests and diseases, and appropriate control measures should be taken in time.
1. Insect pests The pests of the peony are mainly pods, and they are a common intractable insect pest in the peony garden. They occur severely in summer. Cockroaches mainly damage the peony roots, and the leaves on the shoots show yellowing, which hinders the growth and development, and causes the whole plant to die. The affected plants were treated with liquid irrigating roots, and 5% methyl isothione granules or 50% phoxim EC granules were used, and 10 kg to 15 kg were applied per acre, and the soil was ploughed. Can also be used 50% phoxim EC 1500 times to 2000 times Irrigation root, pour peony root 20 centimeters before the outside of a loop hole, so that the liquid concentrate in the rhizosphere soil, the effect is better.
Second, the disease peony more summer diseases, common are the following:
1. The root rot disease is located at the root of peony, it is yellowish-brown at first, then it turns black, and fleshy roots are scattered. The old roots of the seriously diseased plants are rotted and the new roots are not long. The branches are weak, the leaves are chlorogenic, yellow, and the plant death is serious. . During the growing period, the diseased plants can be treated with 5% Sickoline 2 grams per plant or Fumei Shuangfu 3 grams to 5 grams per plant.
2. The erythema disease mainly damages the leaves. The diseased leaves were round, nearly round or irregularly shaped lesions, with a purple-brown front and brownish-brown on the back, with alternate dark and light brown bands. In wet conditions, the leaves will die. The disease is in the mid-August of the month of Luoyang. The optimum temperature for the growth of pathogenic bacteria is from 20°C to 25°C. Under conditions of high rainfall, heavy dew, and high relative humidity in the field, the incidence is heavy; the soil-alkaline location is susceptible to disease. In the summer, the diseased plants can be sprayed with 70% thiophanate-methyl 800 times solution or 40% carbendazim suspension 600 times solution every 15 days to 20 days.
3. Blight (Blight disease) The main damage to the stems and leaves of peony. Stem victims are dark brown to black spots that are several centimeters long. The rhizome can also be rotted by infection and cause the death of the whole plant. Leaf lesions mostly occurred in the lower leaves, showing light brown to dark brown irregular water-stained lesions and gradually withered. During the growth period, high temperature or moisture retention is heavy after rain. In the early stage of disease, it can be sprayed with 64% antivirus WP 500 times or 25% metalaxyl WP 200 times. In combination with spraying, top soil can also be poured to kill pathogens in the soil.
4. Anthrax mainly damages leaves, pedicels, petioles and shoots. The diseased leaves are mostly round to irregular brown and large spots, sometimes perforated, and in July and August the spots on the lesions grow in black-and-black spots. Pedicel, petiole, and tender shoots develop a fusiform slightly depressed red-brown to gray-brown streaks. The occurrence of high temperature and heavy rain in the disease occurred more severely. The rainfall in August and September was the peak of onset. In the summer, attention should be paid to ventilation, and timely drainage in the rainy season. And in the early onset of spraying 70% mancozeb 500 times, or 80% anthrax 500 times Fumei prevention, spray every 10 days to 15 days, 2 consecutive spray.
5. Iron deficiency yellow leaf disease caused by iron deficiency, the veins between the beginning of the vein chlorosis, severe whole leaf yellow, and some necrosis; branches are not full, small or even flowering flowers. The Luoyang area has a slightly alkaline soil and low utilization of iron. It is easier to induce the disease. Coupling the diseased plants with 0.1% to 0.2% ferrous sulfate solution once every 7 days to 10 days, and spraying two or three times, can effectively improve the symptoms. Can also be combined with basal fertilizer, in the organic fertilizer incorporation of ferrous sulfate, increase the activity of iron. For soils with larger alkalinity, physiological acidic fertilizers such as diammonium phosphate and superphosphate may be applied to improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil and improve the utilization of iron.
Shade protection
For annual peony planting, domesticated wild peonies and peony varieties with thin leaves and poor resistance to sunburn, shady protection should be carried out to facilitate smooth peony summer. Summer shading can also extend the effective growth period of peony, reduce leaf disease, and reduce autumn findings. A shading rate of 30% to 70% can be established between 1.2m and 1.5m above the plants in mid- and late May. Production can also be used peony - sunflower ridge planting method, the specific approach is: Peony 60 cm to 70 cm line spacing, a trip 3 lines, each row of two sets of broadcast sunflower, spacing 2 meters. This method can not only effectively shade, but also good ventilation, low incidence of leaf sunburn, green leaves a long time, and there is no strong competition for fertilizer and water throughout the growth phase, is conducive to the growth of peony.
Weeding and weeding
Too much weeds will make the fields excessively unpleasant, with poor ventilation and light transmission, and the pests and diseases will be aggravated. Photosynthesis will be weakened, affecting flower bud differentiation, and will compete with peony for fertilizer and water, leading to poor plant growth. Summer is a busy season for weeds. Therefore, weeding and weeding are one of the most arduous and important tasks in the summer management of Peony Garden. The cultivator can both weed and keep damp. It is mainly shallow, with a depth of no more than 5 cm. It is commonly known as “a spring plow, a plow in the summer,†and is usually performed after rain or after the water has been soiled with water. The cultivating period requires cultivating five or six times. In recent years, many Peony gardens in Luoyang are popular with deep-turning weeding methods. The specific approach is: In the late spring and early summer, the Peony Garden between the rows of soil deep over 20 cm, the topsoil and weeds together into the ground, while removing grassroots. A deeper turn ensures that weeds are no longer flooded for 30 days to 50 days. Herbicides should be used with caution. Improper application may injure peony leaves.
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