I. Principles to be followed when interplanting Chinese herbal medicines in orchards
Years of planting practices have proven that not all varieties of Chinese herbal medicines can be interplanted in orchards, but must be based on the actual conditions of medicinal materials and orchards, adjusted to local conditions, and properly arranged, otherwise it will have adverse effects. The main considerations are as follows: First, according to the biological characteristics of different fruit trees and Chinese herbal medicines, a reasonable field structure should be formed. For example, the selection of Chinese herbal medicines should be based on resistance to negative and shallow roots; secondly, the allocation ratio should be properly adhered to the principle of fruit trees, and the principle of complementing each other; third, inter-planting local special and authentic medicinal materials; fourth, strengthening Field management, mutual promotion and mutual benefit, control of contradictions to ensure double harvest. If there is a fruit grower planting chrysanthemum, Anemarrhena, Achyranthes under the apple tree in the orchard, it is a successful example of scientifically exploiting the advantages of the space and environment of the fruit forest for three-dimensional development.
Second, the young fruit trees and Chinese herbal medicine intercropping patterns
After the fruit trees are planted, they usually form a canopy in 2 to 3 years before they have a certain degree of shade. During this period, the rational interplanting of Chinese herbal medicine varieties with low stem diameter, small plant type, and relatively hi Yang can achieve the purpose of reducing soil nutrient loss, inhibiting weed growth, and increasing yield. For the first year to the second year, a small variety of plants such as bellflower, indigo root, dandelion, honeysuckle, and saffron are planted in a 2-meter-wide row; in the third year, as the crown of the fruit tree is increased, it is 2 meters. A wide range of space has formed a relatively shady environment, which is to plant Xiyin Chinese herbal medicine, such as dry Pinellia, Bupleurum, Coptis, Arisaema, Rehmannia, Chinese yam, Anemarrhena and so on. It is worth noting that most Chinese herbal medicines are not resistant to continuous cropping. One is that continuous cropping is prone to disease and production is cut down; the other is that continuous cropping of the same kind of Chinese herbal medicine can cause lack of certain nutrient elements. Therefore, change it every year or every other year, and choose its suitable mouthwash.
Third, mature fruit trees and Chinese herbal medicine interplanting model
After five years of fruit tree growth, a relatively shady environment has been established within the row spacing, and the light transmittance is below 30%. The appropriate variety of crops should be selected. For example, in autumn or spring, the fruit trees provide cool, moist, oxygen-rich, and temperature-friendly environments for Gastrodia. Mature Chinese medicinal materials suitable for interplanting in mature fruit trees include Coptis, Panax notoginseng, Ginseng, Polyporus umbellatus, Ganoderma lucidum, and Safflower.
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