Affected by the cooling, precipitation and other environmental impacts, the cultivation of shed vegetables in autumn and winter seasons should take precautions to prevent “warm and wet discomfortâ€.
Seedling roots: Whenever seedlings were transplanted and seedlings were harvested, the emergence of roots in the seedling stage showed yellowish-green or milky whites on the shoots from the bottom to the top. The leaf margins began to scorch, and the growth was extremely slow. The reason is that the ground temperature is below 15°C for a few days in a row, watering is large or long-term and rainy, the temperature of the seedbed is low, and the seedlings are slow to grow for a long time. Preventive measures: Increase organic fertilizer, acupuncture organic bio-fertilizer, appropriate watering, foliar spraying humic acid foliar fertilizer.
Physiological filling of leaves: In the process of growth, the edges of the middle leaves appear watery and scalding, and the leaves appear polygonal or dot-like. The water-stained bubble spots look like downy mildew and bacterial angular spot. If the temperature of the greenhouse rises, the humidity will reduce the normal return of the leaves; if the duration is long, the spots and leaves will lose their green color, and they will gradually turn into brownish-brown dead spots. The cause of the disease is the high humidity in the air in the enclosed greenhouse, the inhibition of leaf transpiration, the absorption of moisture from the roots, and the inflow of water from the leaf cells into the cells. Preventive measures: Increase the temperature in the shed, properly ventilate and ventilate, and spray antifreeze on the leaves. Strengthen the insulation measures, take early as soon as possible to cover the straw curtain, indoor temperature conditions.
Microclimate Discomfort: In autumn and winter, due to the short illumination time, temperature and light in the shed cannot meet the normal growth needs of fruits and melons. Especially for melons, the middle and lower stalks have a phenomenon of leggy, the upper stalk becomes thinner, the leaves become smaller, the tendrils are weaker, and the “lead†of the cucumber appears curved or the leaves are compact, and even the “flower tip†occurs, and the growth point is serious. The phenomenon of "baldness" appears. The reason is that after the establishment of the seedlings, the seedlings are not well-watered, and the irrigation and rooting are not controlled. After the initial flowering period, the temperature change treatment cannot be performed. In particular, the fertilizer is watered prematurely, especially if the nitrogen fertilizer is too much, so that the plants are overgrown with nutrients. To disaster weather, low temperature and low temperature, the temperature dropped sharply, so that the ground temperature is low, the root system is inhibited, and the vegetative growth potential is weakened.Preventive measures: preserving temperature, using large and small rows of cultivation, small rows of shallow trenches, large open depth Ditch 3 ~ 4 cm wheat straw, small ditch to take micro-irrigation measures, can prevent a sudden cooling, especially the ground temperature, to reduce the damage to the root, in addition to the use of aerosol, sterilization and pest control effect is significant.Frost protection measures can not be ignored.
Improper ventilation management: fruits and vegetables cultivated in autumn and winter, due to the influence of temperature, neglected ventilation and humidity management. Many people confuse ventilation and cooling. This is a mistaken understanding. In fact, ventilation is a matter of ventilation. It is very good to grasp the timing of ventilation. According to the author's observation, every morning at 9 o'clock the air is released for half an hour and covered at night. The next day, 3 to 4 o'clock, another 10 to 15 minutes of tuyere, which is very beneficial to the growth of fruits and vegetables. Symptoms caused by poor ventilation management: normal development of the middle and lower leaves, the middle leaflets rolled up on the edge, slightly wilting, severe slow growth, the upper leaves close together. This phenomenon is caused by the early release of air in the morning, a long time, fruit and vegetables have not been adapted to change the temperature, resulting in a larger reduction in the temperature of the greenhouse, in severe cases, the leaves can not be normal expansion, the other is the leaf blade edge near the vents scorch, Or there are unplanned necrotic spots on the foliage, which resemble phytotoxicity or some invasive disease. Others, such as the greenhouse temperature above 40 °C, the leaves of the melon leaves will also appear curled leaves, leaves dehydration wilting or even dry, above 38 °C when spraying pesticides or foliar fertilizer, there will be high-temperature burning leaves. Preventive measures: scientific fertilization, take "a small number of times" method to chase or quick-apply fertilizer, and carefully grasp the temperature inside the shed, not only to keep warm but also to prevent the shed temperature is too high, reduce the shed harmful gas over-concentrated, add carbon dioxide gas.
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