The hot summer is coming soon.
Let everyone worry about not only the small fat on the waist, but also the oily skin that is oily and irritating.
Although the oil produced by the sebaceous glands is annoying, the singularity cake never imagined that cancer cells liked the way of producing fat.
Recently, the research of the team of Dr. Sarah-Maria Fendt of Belgium made the singularity cake surprise.
They found that in order to meet the needs of splitting proliferation and production of offspring, cancer cells of liver cancer and lung cancer actually “take through†the sebaceous glands, and mastered the way in which sebaceous glands synthesize fat [1]. That is, using existing drugs that inhibit lipid metabolism, there is no way to take liver cancer and lung cancer cells. Only when the cancer cells are inhibited from synthesizing fat by using sebaceous gland cells can cancer cells die.
Dr. Fendt's team's research was published in the top journal Nature, and their findings are expected to promote anticancer drugs that inhibit fatty acid synthesis from laboratory to clinical applications.
Dr Sarah-Maria Fendt (right)
Objectively speaking, it is not easy to survive cancer cells.
Two years ago, the singular cake was reported. Scientists at Harvard Medical School and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology found that in order to grow, the tumor will not let go of its own metabolic waste. The cancer cells will directly convert ammonia into amino acids. Help tumor growth and proliferation [2].
For cancer cells, not only amino acids are scarce, but fatty acids are also scarce.
However, tumors can extract very little fatty acids from the human body. Therefore, many tumor cells need to synthesize unsaturated fatty acids themselves [1].
In adults, except for a few tissues, most of the cells mainly obtain fatty acids directly from the blood, and the fatty acid synthesis ability of these cells is greatly reduced [2]. This difference in the ability of normal cells and cancer cells to synthesize fatty acids gives scientists the opportunity to deal with cancer.
Cell membrane structure
The synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids requires an enzyme called SCD, and previous studies have found that SCD genes are overexpressed in prostate cancer, liver cancer, kidney cancer, breast cancer, etc. [3]. Therefore, many researchers use SCD enzyme as a potential target for inhibiting cancer cells.
Previous studies have found that this abnormal level of SCD is also associated with metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. The company has also developed a drug that reduces weight by inhibiting SCD - 3j, which has achieved good weight loss and hypoglycemic effects in mice [4].
As an SCD inhibitor, diet pills 3j also have the potential to fight cancer.
Obesity is associated with multiple cancers
However, when Professor Fendt's team used 3j to treat different cancer cells, it found that some cancer cells (prostate cancer, breast cancer cells) were indeed inhibited. The lung cancer and liver cancer cells are safe and sound, and they are not afraid that this unsaturated fatty acid synthesis pathway will be blocked.
This puzzles scientists. Where is the problem? One possible reason is that these cancer cells have other pathways for the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids.
In this regard, researchers analyzed the metabolome of lung cancer and liver cancer cells.
They found that in the SCD-inhibited liver cancer cells and lung cancer cells, a large number of unfavorable unsaturated fatty acids, Sapienate, appeared in large numbers. Sapienate is a major component of human sebum and is secreted by sebaceous gland cells [5]. The singularity cake did not find its official Chinese name, considering that it has a root of sapiens, and this wise man is so unique to humans, let's call it wise man sour!
Human sebaceous gland (Sebaceous Gland, yellow part)
When SCD is inhibited, this cancer cell can continue to synthesize unsaturated fatty acids using Homo sapiens acid to synthesize cell membranes.
When the FADS2 gene used to synthesize sapiens acid in cancer cells was knocked out, the composition of lipids on the cell membrane of cancer cells changed significantly. The same is true for knocking out SCD, which significantly changes the lipid composition of the cell membrane.
Moreover, FADS2 is increased by knocking out SCD in cancer cells; knocking out FADS2 will increase SCD. These two enzymes, as long as there is one online, can maintain the supply of unsaturated fatty acids in cancer cells and maintain the stability of the cell membrane.
Then knock out the two enzymes at the same time, how will cancer cells react?
The researchers transplanted human hepatocarcinoma tissue into mice and inhibited both FADS2 and SCD enzymes, and found that the tumor tissue shrank a lot. After the two unsaturated fatty acid pathways are cut off, the cancer cells finally have nothing to do.
After inhibiting the synthesis pathway of two unsaturated fatty acids, the tumor tissue shrinks the most
Of course, there is still a problem, that is, if the synthesis of sapiens acid in the human body is inhibited, side effects will occur.
In response, the researchers examined the amount of sapiens acid in normal tissues and cancer tissues. It was found that the content of Homo sapiens fatty acids in human liver cancer and lung cancer tissues was much higher than that in normal tissues. This theoretically guarantees the safety of this target. Of course, the real impact requires further experimental verification.
The secret synthesis pathway of this unsaturated fatty acid in tumor cells has been discovered, which has deepened people's understanding of tumor metabolic plasticity and will help solve cancer problems from a metabolic perspective.
As the research progresses, we may find more tumor-related metabolic pathways. When it comes to treating obesity or other metabolic diseases, it can prevent (treat) cancer, is it not beautiful?
In view of the importance of the discovery of Professor Fendt's team, Nature published a review article by two scientists, Marteinn Thor Snaebjornsson and Almut Schulze of the University of Würzburg, Germany [7].
In their review article, they pointed out that the synthesis of fatty acids is one of the differences between cancer cells and normal cells. The development of anticancer drugs for fatty acid synthesis is a hot trend in current scientific research.
There are already many such drugs in research and development, and many of them have shown good anticancer effects in mice. However, in human clinical trials, such drugs frequently hit the wall. The research of Professor Fendt's team may indicate the direction of development for the development and use of such drugs.
Source: Singularity Network
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