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The big cherry is happy and happy. It was born on the sunny side of the hillside or on the edge of the ditch. It is suitable for cultivation at an elevation of 300-600 meters and a latitude of 33-39 degrees north latitude. Afraid of drought, large cherry avoid wind freeze, suitable for the average annual temperature of 10-13 degrees Celsius or more, early spring temperature changes are not severe, summer cool and dry, moderate rainfall, adequate light cultivation. Warm temperate zone East Asian monsoon-type semi-humid climate in the mainland, moderate annual temperature, abundant rainfall, long frost-free period, early frost period, annual average temperature of about 12 degrees, rainfall of more than 700 millimeters, frost-free period of about 250 days, suitable for large cherry cultivation. Taian Nongda High-Tech Nursery Base has been dedicated to research and cultivation of large cherry varieties for many years. Base 13668681398 currently has 600,000 cherry seedlings, Gisella dwarfed cherry seedlings 500,000, and cherry trees of various specifications. The main varieties of cherry, red light, early fruit, early ruby, blush, pioneer, the United States as early as Italy, early red (Morley), friendship, Samith, Rabins and so on. Dwarf cherries and Chinese cherry plants are small and have long and long lifespans. They are also suitable for garden cultivation and greenhouse cultivation. I. Establishment of a large cherry orchard 1.1 Selection of the site The location of the large cherry plant is to choose a sandy loam soil that is fertile, loose, and has good water retention properties. No water accumulates in the rainy season, the groundwater level is low, the air circulation is high, and the terrain is high. Xiangyang, conveniently located plots or slopes, orchard locations can be combined with tourist spots. 1.2 Site Preparation For flatland construction, the first step is to level the uneven areas of the park. Based on this, combine scientific planning with the construction of field roads and irrigation channels. For the mountainous terrain, terraces with a width of 3m, a flat land surface, and a low height in the outer area are to be widened and 30cm in height, each with a horizontal spacing of 1 to 2m. 1.3 Selection of good early maturing varieties Select red, high hardness, and high-quality traits resistant to storage, such as early rubies, early fruits, Italian red, red light, and samita. The pollination variety cannot be less than 1/4 in a piece of cherry orchard. 1.4 Planting density and planting density. Generally, the site conditions are good. The Qiaohua anvil cultivars have a strong growth potential and the planting density is smaller. The mountain orchards and the dwarf anvils have a weaker cultivar and the planting density is less. The new large cherry orchard should be properly planted in 3m×5m or 2m×4m and 44-83/667m2. Planting methods. Flatland construction should adopt rectangles, with a wide row spacing and narrow plant spacing. The direction of planting rows requires a north-south orientation. For planting on hillside, use contours. Terrace planting method. 1.5 Planting period and method Planting period. In the middle and early March, it is planted before germination. Planting methods. Dig a large planting pit before planting. The pit has a diameter of lm and a depth of 80 to 100 cm. Then the broken leaves, crop stalks, weeds, etc. are mixed with the surrounding topsoil into a certain amount of organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer to fill the pits, and the pits are filled. The depth of planting is based on the depth of nursery stock. Then, the tree trays are well-organized around the seedlings, watered immediately, covered with plastic film after pouring, and soil and fertilizer water management 2.1. The method is to start from the edge of the planting hole, expand outwards every year or every other year, and dig a ring groove about 50 cm wide and 60 cm deep until the two deep-falling grooves meet. The time of deep turning can be carried out after falling leaves combined with autumn and winter fertilization. Rilled soil. The cultivating loose soil is a measure of soil management during the cherry growing period, and is usually performed after irrigation and after rain. The depth of cultivating loose soil is about 5cm to prevent damage to coarse roots. Orchard intercropping. Intercrops should be planted with dwarfs, which are beneficial to crops that increase soil fertility. Intercropping should be done with tree trays. The intercropping time is generally 1 to 2 years. 2.2 Rational fertilization base fertilizer. Autumn is preferred, and the best period is from September to October. To farm fertilizers, pigs, cattle manure and other organic fertilizers, add the appropriate amount of compound fertilizer or phosphate fertilizer and known elements missing. Fertilizer before flowering. During this period, topdressing can be followed by special fertilizer for urea or fruit trees, or nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ternary compound fertilizers and other quick-acting chemical fertilizers containing multiple elements. The amount of superphosphate and urea used per sapling was 0.1 to 1 kg per plant; the fruit trees were fertilized with radial grooves, and the small trees were fertilized with strips, and the orchards with coverings could be used. Flowering fertilizer. The topdressing nitrogen fertilizer can be applied to the soil, or 0.3% urea, 0.2% borax, and 600 times potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed at full bloom. Top dressing after fruit harvesting. After cherry fruit picking, human feces, pig manure, bean cake water, compound fertilizer and other elements containing fast-acting fertilizer. Deciduous fertilizer. Foliar 5% of urea was sprayed in the first week before the cherries were about to fall. 2.3 Irrigation and Drainage Irrigation periods and methods. The irrigation period should be determined according to soil moisture conditions, usually including pre-flower water, hard nuclear water, post-harvest water, and frozen water for 4 times. After irrigating, loosen soil in time, and also promote the covering of tree stalks and other materials to facilitate the protection of lice. Commonly used furrow irrigation, hole irrigation, promote the use of drip irrigation, irrigation, micro-spraying and other water-saving irrigation measures. drain. When there is accumulated water in the orchard, drainage should be used in a timely manner. 3 Prune trim 3.1 Main tree-shaped spindle. Dry height 60 ~ 70cm, tree height 2.5 ~ 3m, the center of the dry patch on the birth of the main branch of 10 to 12, the main branch angle of 70 to 80 degrees, all the main branch uniaxial extension without leaving side branches, directly to the Zhizhi group. Natural round head shape. There are no obvious central leaders. There are 4 to 6 main branches scattered on the main branch. Each main branch leaves 2 to 3 lateral branches. The lateral branches are scattered and evenly distributed. The central branch or the top branch is naturally happy and the tree height is controlled. At 2.5 to 3 m, the main branch angle is 70 to 80 degrees. In addition, there are 3.2 pruning methods such as trunk sparse forming, spatula, and natural happy shapes. The buds are wiped off at the central part of the trunk that does not require branching. Such as: slender spindle-shaped stem after the first bud to retain, erase the buds down 10cm, leaving a bud, then down every 7 ~ 10cm left 1 bud, spiral distribution, wipe the excess bud. Promoting germination: Under normal circumstances, 1 to 4 buds left on the upper part of the stem will be easily extracted, and the lower buds (above 50 cm) may be budded and coated with hair to promote branching. In the spring, 4 to 7 shoots could be sprouted. Carve buds: Before cutting, a knife is cut at 0.5cm above the shoot, reaching deep into the xylem. Open angle: When the lateral branches grow to about 15cm, use small bamboo sticks (or toothpicks, bamboo clips, etc.) to open branches to about 80 degrees. After the new shoots grow again, the tips may appear upwards, and the shoots may fall. . Twist tip: When the shoot is semi-lignified, it is gently twisted at the base of 4 to 5 leaves and injure the xylem, causing the shoot to droop or grow horizontally. Mainly used in mean tree branch and Wang branch. Twisting time can be performed from the end of May to the beginning of June. Topping: Controlling the growth of new shoots, increasing the number of branches, expanding the canopy, and promoting flower buds are beneficial to the early results of young trees. Divided into early heart-patch and pick up heart during the growing season. Early picking takes place 7 to 8 days after flowering. The young shoots were left around 10cm and removed. It is mainly used for controlling the crown and cultivating small fruiting branches. Early picking can reduce the competition for nutrients between young fruit development and shoot growth, and increase the fruit setting rate. The picking up of the growing season is generally conducted from late May to late July. Before the lignification of the shoots, leave the shoots at 5 to 10 cm and remove the rest to increase the amount of shoots. Young Wang tree topping. 4 large cherry flowers and other management prevention frost cherry is vulnerable to low temperature night frost hazards, in the flowering period should pay attention to the weather forecast, so that timely prevention. In the production, early spring irrigation is often used, l-2h before frost, water spray, smoke and other methods to prevent frost damage. Flower pollination by artificial pollination, bee or wall bee pollination and other methods to improve fruit set and fruit uniformity. Other measures to increase the rate of fruit set. Gibberellin after flowering and after flowering can significantly increase the fruit setting rate. Spraying 0.3% urea at full flowering stage, 0.3% borax or potassium dihydrogen phosphate has obvious effect on raising fruit setting. Thinning and sparse fruiting The sparse flowering takes place before flowering and during flowering. It mainly removes deformed flowers and weak flowers on the thin and thin branches of the canopy, leaving approximately 2-3 inflorescences per short fruit-like branch. After fruit settling, the fruit thinning is mainly in the densely dented areas, sparse small fruit, malformed fruit, and poorly drooping fruit. Preventing and reducing the moisture stability of cracked fruit soil can reduce the cracking fruit, keep the humidity of the soil relatively stable, and prevent the soil from drying out and getting wet, especially when it is near maturity, it cannot be filled with water. To prevent bird harm to birds, advocate prevention, and not to kill birds. In the cherry orchard, birds can be frightened by methods such as hanging scarecrows or beasts made of plastics, gongs and drums, and audio tapes for screaming birds on a loudspeaker. 5 Diseases and Insect Pests Prevention and control of cherry diseases is light, spraying 3 to 5 times a year can be pesticides. The fruit growth season is generally not spraying. Before the cherry orchard sprouts, it sprays 5 degrees lime sulfur agent to comprehensively prevent and treat various fruit tree pests and diseases. From May to June, spray 500 times 70% mancozeb or 600 times 50% carbendazim for 500 times; for fruit trees with gum disease, cut several knives at the lesion at the beginning of the disease, squeeze out the juice, and apply Lithosulfuric acid stock solution is used for timely watering of K84 bio-pesticides in orchards with severe root cancer; for caterpillars and moth-eaten pests, 2000 times 20% is used to kill chrysanthemums, and serious fruit trees of the beetles are sprayed 800 times. Prevention. Big cherries are the earliest fruit tree species in China after deciduous fruit trees relayed Chinese cherries. Therefore, it has long been known as the "first branch of Chunguo." It plays a special role in regulating the off-season of fresh fruit, balancing the annual supply and satisfying people’s needs. Big cherry fruit contains rich nutrients and has certain nutritional value to the human body. Traditional Chinese Medicine believes that Sakuraki has the function of regulating qi and removing rheumatism. Big cherries have less labor, low production costs, and high economic benefits. They are suitable for cultivation in Shandong, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Henan and Hebei. Agricultural experts say: Active development of large cherry production has broad prospects. Cherry belongs to the deciduous tree of Rosaceae. Cherry ripe red color, exquisitely carved, delicious and delicious, nutritious, high value of health care, but also "with peach" alias. The cherries cultivated in China as fruit trees include Chinese cherries, sweet cherries, sour cherries and cherries. Early ripening cherry, early spring has the reputation of the first fruit. The output of Chinese cherries is 35 million kg, and the average per capita is only 29g, which is equivalent to 3 apples per person or 15-17 Chinese cherries. Visible cherry has a broad market prospect. The sweet cherry varieties cultivated in China are mainly European and American varieties, and they perform well in the northern regions of China. Since European sweet cherries generally require 900-1400 hours of low temperature below 7.2°C to complete winter dormancy, they limit the large-scale cultivation in southern China. As a result, Chinese cherries are still planted mainly in the southern provinces of China. At the same time, there are few fine varieties of Chinese cherries, and cultivars generally exhibit many shortcomings such as small fruit, sour taste, pre-harvest split, and fruit drop. The selection and breeding of China's cherry fine variety, a black pearl, has successfully made up for these shortcomings. The nutritional ingredients of the cherry tree are beautiful, the flower is bright early, the fruit is delicious, and the nutrition is rich. According to analysis by the National Institute of Food Hygiene, each hundred grams of fresh pulp contains 8g of carbohydrates, 1.2g of protein, 6mg of calcium, 3mg of phosphorus, 5.9mg of iron, and a variety of vitamins. The fruit is sweet and warm, and has the function of adjusting the spleen and benefiting the spleen. It has a good curative effect on regulating blood circulation and blood circulation, removing heat from the liver, and promoting the regeneration of hemoglobin. It is also beneficial for patients with anemia, osteoporosis in the elderly, children with calcium deficiency, and deficiency. Iron has a certain role of adjuvant therapy and is favored by consumers. According to traditional Chinese medicine, large cherry is sweet, warm and non-toxic, and has the function of regulating qi and eliminating wind and dehumidification. Long-term consumption can significantly improve human immunity. In addition, the large cherry fruit development cycle is short, no spray during growth, fruit pollution without pesticides, is indeed a "green health food." Therapeutic Effects Anti-anemia Promotes blood production Cherry has a high iron content and is the first of a variety of fruits. Iron is a raw material for the synthesis of human hemoglobin and myoglobin. It plays an important role in human immunity, protein synthesis, and energy metabolism. It is also closely related to brain and nerve function and aging process. The regular cherry can supplement the body's demand for iron and promote the regeneration of hemoglobin. It can prevent and treat iron deficiency anemia, enhance physical fitness, and improve brain and brain. In the epidemic of measles and measles, drinking cherry juice for children can prevent infection. The cherry nucleus has the effect of sweating, urticating and detoxifying. Hurricane wins and damps the insect cherries to be warm, has the function of supplementing the mid-birth and qi, can dehumidify the wind, and has good effects on the rheumatism and pain of rheumatism. Cherry tree root also has a strong insect repellent and insecticidal effect, which can kill locusts, aphids, aphids, etc. Astringent analgesic folk experience shows that cherries can treat burns, play astringent and relieve pain, prevent the wound from blister and pus. At the same time, cherry can also treat light and severe frostbite. The beauty store is rich in nutrition, containing more protein, sugar, phosphorus, carotene, vitamin C, etc. than apples, pears, especially high iron content, commonly used cherry juice rubbed the face and wrinkles, can make the facial skin red and tender White, wrinkle removing spots. Whitening and freckle cherry is rich in nutrients, containing more protein, sugar, phosphorus, carotene, vitamin C, etc. than apples, pears, especially high iron content, commonly used cherry juice rubbed face and wrinkles, can make facial skin ruddy white , Wrinkle and Xiaoban, can be described as whitening and freckle it.
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