At present, it is a crucial period for the planting of thermophilic vegetables such as tomatoes, cucumbers, eggplants, and sweet peppers in solar greenhouses in early spring. In order to ensure the supply of vegetables in the capital market in the spring and summer, the majority of vegetable farmers should achieve proper planting and fine management to ensure high production. Efficient. To this end, the following technical measures are proposed.
Apply base fertilizer, fine soil preparation. Apply 30-30 kg of ternary compound fertilizer with 40% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content per acre to put in rotted, finely chopped high-quality farmyard fertilizer 4000-5000 kg or commodity organic fertilizer (puffed chicken manure) 2000-3000 kg. Two-thirds of the organic fertilizer was spread evenly before the farmland, and the remaining one-third of the organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer was applied after the earthworms were planted. Land preparation should be done with deep plowing and intensive cultivation, so as to achieve deep plowing, ploughing, and shredding of pupae, to reach the standard of plowing, flattening, loosening, ignorance, darkness, and straightness. Generally, the depth of plowing is 25-30 cm. The north and the south are used to make rakes, and they are used to make watering ridges that can be easily filled and drained, drip irrigation or under-membrane irrigation. The surface is 25-30 cm above the ground. Planted in large and small rows, with a width of 1.3-1.6 meters, with a large row spacing of 0.9-1.1 meters wide and a small row spacing of 0.4-0.5 meters wide; the use of mulching will help improve the ground temperature, prevent disease, and prevent grass. It is best to choose silver gray film. Fertilization site preparation should be completed 10-15 days before planting.
Concerned about the weather, suitable for planting. Before the planting, we should pay close attention to the weather conditions, observe the temperature changes in time, and seize the timing of the “cold-tail warmer†to plant the plant. For thermophilic vegetables such as tomatoes, cucumbers, and eggplants, the temperature in the shed should be stable at 12°C and above 10°C for 5 days in a shed (minimum distance to the south corner of the greenhouse). The minimum temperature is stable at above 10°C for colonization. To prevent premature colonization and frost damage.
Low-temperature hardening of seedlings to improve the resistance before planting low-temperature hardening seedlings, the purpose of hardening seedlings is to facilitate the adaptation of seedlings after the cold weather. In the 5-7 days before planting, the temperature gradually decreased from the daytime temperature of 25°C to 30°C, nighttime from 15°C to 18°C, and gradually decreased to 18°C ​​during the day and 8°C at night. The criteria for strong seedlings are: uniform growth, dark green leaves, thick plants, short internodes, well-developed root system, suitable age, no leggy, and no pests and diseases.
Reasonably dense planting to ensure production. Reasonable dense planting can increase the ventilation and transparence of plants and facilitate field operations, and the results of multiple plants can achieve high yields. Appropriate planting densities should be determined for different crops and their characteristics. For cucumber, tomato and other common varieties of solanaceous vegetables, the density of planting per mu is 3000-3500; fruit-type cucumber, cherry tomato, color pepper and hard fruit are resistant to storage and transport of tomato, etc. 1800-2200 strain; round varietal varieties such as "Keige 1", 1800-2200 strains per acre; long eggplant varieties such as "Bulita", 1500-1800 strains per acre; pepper varieties such as "Nongda 24", per acre 2500-3000 strains.
Ensure quality and consistent growth. Try to choose sunny afternoon colonization. When planting, we must choose strong seedlings with uniform growth and uniform size. For smaller seedlings, we must plant them separately. When planting to ensure the appropriate depth of planting, tomato, eggplant, sweet pepper should be properly planted, covering the soil more than 2 cm in the seedling hoe is appropriate; cucumber, pumpkin and other melon crops to shallow planting, planting depth with the seedling wolfberry and buckwheat noodles It is appropriate. In addition, when planting, horizontal and vertical lines should be used, and the depth should be the same. Each plant should be planted with 3-5 trees to make up for seedlings.
Strengthen heat preservation and promote mild seedlings. The management of easing seedling stage should be based on warming and heat preservation, and try not to let off wind for a week or so after planting to increase ground temperature and promote easing seedlings. Shed temperature is increased during the day and maintained at about 30°C. When the temperature is above 32°C, it can be ventilated for a short period of time, at night between 15°C and 18°C; timely cultivating and promoting the roots under the bar, when the planting temperature is too low, can be taken The method of spotting water is to water again after the temperature rises 4-5 days after planting. In case of low-temperature and cold weather, temporary heating measures such as burning and heating blocks and installing electric heater heaters may be adopted, and temporary cold protection may also be adopted such as deducting a small arch shed, covering a two-story awning film or non-woven fabric, and setting a straw curtain outside the shed. Insulation measures.
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