The lodging of wheat has occurred every year, which has brought about no small losses in production. In addition to natural disasters, improper management of cultivation is an important factor in the lodging of wheat.
Wheat lodging can be divided into stem fall and root fall. The stems were caused by too much sowing of wheat, excessive application of fertilizer and water, which caused the internodes of the bases to be too long, the stalks were weak, and the toughness was poor; the roots were caused by shallow winds of wheat roots and strong winds after late rainfall. Causes of wheat lodging: (1) The density is too high. Excessive seeding rate may cause clouding of wheat fields, poor ventilation and light transmission, poor plant nutrition, weak stalks, elongated base sections, thin stem walls, lack of elasticity, and low wheat straw support, which is the main cause of wheat lodging. the reason. (2) The application of chemical fertilizers is unreasonable. There is no reasonable determination of the type, amount, and method of fertilization based on soil fertility and yield levels. In particular, wheat fields with a small amount of potash fertilizer and a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer are liable to cause an increase in ineffective tillering, a weak stalk, and a reduced lodging resistance. (3) Underdeveloped roots. The first is that the wheat fields are only subjected to rotary tillage (usually tillage depth is 12-15cm) in successive years, resulting in shallower tillage layer, upward movement of the plough bottom layer, poor soil structure, poor retention of fertilizer and water retention, difficulty in downrooting of the wheat root system, and secondary root number. Small and weak, can not support the weight of the upper part of the late lodging; followed by the shallow sowing of wheat, the tillering section was exposed to the surface, resulting in shallow roots under the secondary roots, poor root growth, can not support the plant and lodging. (4) Strong winds after rainfall. During the late growth period of wheat, especially at the grain-filling stage, the weight of wheat ears after grain filling continued to increase, and it was prone to lodging during rainfall and windy weather.
To prevent the lodging of wheat, the prevention of autumn seeds is the foundation, and the regulation of the growth period is the key. For wheat fields planted prematurely, with too large seeding volume and with more tillers, the measures for preventing fall before winter are first to cut roots deeply to cut off part of the root system, reduce nutrient and water absorption, and suppress the growth of tillers; followed by repression, sunny days should be chosen. The suppression of wheat seedlings with sarcophagus or the suppressor is mainly to inhibit the growth of stems and leaves and to control the excessive delivery of wheat. Attention should be paid not to be carried out in the early morning, when there is frost or on cloudy days. At this time, the wheat seedlings are firm and brittle, and the folding is severe. More than one million stems per acre are planted in the spring, and when the tree is grown up to the jointing stage, the leaf color is dark green, the leaves are overgrown, and the length of the underlay is more than one third of the length of the whole leaf. The nitrogen fertilizer should be moved backward and the fertilization time should be Return to green to get up, move to the jointing stage or even after jointing, in order to reduce ineffective delivery, promote sturdy stalks, improve resistance to volatility; at the same time, get up to jointing before use 15% paclobutrazol WP 40 ~ 50 Grams, or 5% Uniconazole wettable powder 30 to 40 grams, or 25% mepoxide hydrochloride 15 to 20 milliliters, add 30 to 40 kilograms of water evenly spraying wheat seedlings, pay attention to chemical control must be carried out before jointing, otherwise Not due to the preventive effect.
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Antioxidants are a class of chemical substances that can delay or prevent oxidation reactions and can effectively protect ingredients in cosmetics from oxidative damage. Oxidation is a chemical reaction caused by free radicals, which can lead to quality changes, color changes, odor changes and even spoilage of ingredients in cosmetics. The role of antioxidants is to maintain the stability and quality of cosmetics by trapping free radicals and inhibiting the occurrence of oxidative reactions.
Common antioxidants include vitamin C, vitamin E, polyphenolic compounds, and flavonoids. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is a water-soluble antioxidant that reacts with free radicals to inhibit oxidative reactions. Vitamin E (tocopherol) is a fat-soluble antioxidant that traps free radicals in the lipid environment and protects lipids from oxidation. Polyphenolic compounds and flavonoids are a class of natural antioxidants that can be derived from plants and have strong antioxidant capacity.
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