The contents of paddy field weeds should include: The first is the "paddy field", not only the "field" where rice is grown, but also the "ground" where upland rice grows, and the surrounding environment where rice grows, such as field ridges, etc., because of the growth on rice field ridges. Weeds sometimes have a considerable detrimental effect on the growth of rice seedlings; second, weeds include not only grasses but also plants that are not grasses, such as algae. Rice field weeds compete with rice for resources such as space, sunlight, water, fertilizer, gas, and heat, weakening the photosynthesis of rice plants, resulting in poor rice growth, yield, and quality decline; at the same time, many weeds are intermediate hosts for rice diseases and insects. Overwintering hosts can induce or aggravate the extent of rice pests and diseases. First, the type of rice field weeds. There are many types of weeds in paddy fields. According to statistics, rice field weeds involve three plant gates, more than 20 families, more than 30 genera, and more than 200 species, among which about 50 species have a significant impact on rice growth. The following are the main weeds. The "*" is a weedy weed or an important weed. Gramineae: 稗 * (also contains at least three kinds of variants: wind pluck, heart worms, hair sheath lice) double ears garret 稗 ã€ åƒ åƒ gold, æŽ gold ã€, Lee 禾 禾, bluegrass, dog tooth root * (Hellebore), It is not only harmful to rice plant growth, but also to rice blast, bacterial blight, rice straw brown rice, gray rice, etc.è™± host. The rain long flower branch of the long-lasting flower and duckweed * and so on. Lythraceae, festival dishes, water dishes, etc. Alismataceae Alisma, Dwarf mushroom, wild mushroom, etc. The eye dishes of the Eyelid section*, madder (barb grass), etc. Four-leaf Pteridium in the genus Pteridophyte of the fern. Cyperaceae: Houttuynia*, Cyperus sphenanthera*, C. meyeri*, Cyperus rotundus, Grass Triassic (wild pheasant), Flat culm, Grass worm, Skygrass The name Ottergrass), the genus of cattle felt and so on. Second, the hazard characteristics of weeds in paddy fields Due to the current rice cultivation methods are live (also divided into sowing, on-demand two ways), transplanting (dry and wet Yuyu), throwing oysters (fat cultivating and dry seedlings) and many Other In the form of northern wheat-rice continuous cropping, more than four rice plants are mixed in the south, so the frequency of weeds is high and the damage is serious. Their time and time of damage are different, and the ways and degree of harm are also different. For example, grass weeds begin to harm in the early stage of rice growth, and Cyperaceae and other weeds begin to harm in the middle of rice growth. Thousands of gold are multiplying in the dry and wet alternate environment, while grasses and algae weeds are easily harmed in the deeper paddy fields, and weeds in the fields of Compositae, Scrophulariaceae, Polygonaceae, Pseudomonaceae etc. are also harmed in the fields. III. Sources of weeds in rice fields 1. Seeds: Contained in farmers' privately-owned rice and transported from other places, especially non-selected and non-quarantine rice seeds, mainly containing medlar seeds. 2, farmyard fertilizer. Such as crop straw, weeds, fallen leaves, litter, human waste, etc. If these manures are not cooked at high temperatures, the vigorous vitality of grass seeds contained in these manures exceeds people's imagination. The harm caused by fertilizers entering the fields has caused people to be staggered, thinking that they have used improper weeding methods or used herbicides. It is fake and shoddy products. In fact, these weed seeds also exercised their resistance during the confrontation with herbicides. They are more resistant to adverse environmental conditions than artificially cultivated plants so that they can survive. 3, Tianyu ditches. Since farmers only paid attention to the control of weeds in the fields, they did not pay attention to field ridges and ditches. These areas are more likely to produce a large amount of weeds and grass seeds. They may fall out of the field, or spread, or flow into the water, and germinate in large amounts in the event of a suitable environment, causing harm. 4, inherent grass source. Seeds of mature weeds that remain in the field in the previous or previous season and perennial weeds in the field. Once the field environment is suitable, it will germinate quickly and become the main source of field grass damage. Fourth, rice field weeds environmental protection measures. Even if the herbicide is stronger than the herbicide, the weeds will develop resistance to it sooner or later, and the efficacy of the herbicide will be reduced or even lost. Environmental protection is based on the principle of protecting the environment, adopting a comprehensive approach to management, and through agricultural, biological, mechanical, and chemical measures, combining various measures organically to minimize the damage of weeds. 1. Prevention of hazards to the weeds of the source of exclusion. (1) Quarantine inspection. The so-called quarantine means that the national and local plant quarantine departments prevent quarantine weeds from passing through seeds and other means through quarantine. Seed inspection, on the other hand, refers to preventing non-quarantine weed seeds from being introduced into another land through rice seeds, as described above for weed species. This can only be done by the seed-supply department. (2) Featured. Seeds are removed through artificial de-mixing, winnowing, screening, and mechanical selection to remove weed seeds and leave a robust, full-grown seed free from pests and grasses. (3) high temperature fertilizer. The required variety of farmyard manures were crushed at high temperatures (the temperature in the pile should exceed 50°C), so that most of the weed seeds lost their vitality. (4) Remove Tiancaogou weeds. Before the start of cultivation of each cropping paddy, the field ploughing around the field should be "collapsed", that is to say, half of the ridges should be ploughed into the field, and the leeches should be picked up by the leeches for several days before the quail. After 1-2 days, the clamshells are picked up again. Attached to the Harada area and wiped it with a pestle, the "collapsed board" is ready to be used. This will ensure that the Tanabe is basically free from weed damage within 1-2 months, and it will also prevent the field fence from leaking. It would be better to plant soybeans on "collapsed board". It is also possible to eradicate the weeds in the Tianqu Ditches in the summer or late summer and early fall, or to filter the grass seeds with nets or intensive weeds in the field intake. 2. Prevention of endangerment of endogenous weeds (1) Rational rotation. Rational rotation is a cost-effective measure to control weeds in the field. We can reduce or extinguish the weeds through scientific rotation and change the growth environment of weeds, such as the wheat-rice rotation, with little occurrence of dicotyledonous weeds; wheat-rice-canola-rice-wheat five-year cropping system Single and dicotyledonous weeds are very effective. (2) Deep plowing. Through this measure, seeds that are more likely to germinate can be buried in deep layers, so that they can be dormant or die without harm, and the soil surface layer of weeds can be rotted and rot in the soil to cause death. This can cause many deep and rooted tuber weeds to turn over. Dead or frozen to the ground to reduce the damage caused by weeds. (3) Weeding and weeding. Including manual weeding and mechanical weeding. With these methods, it is possible that the workers will be more tired and may also have to pay a certain economic cost. However, the type of weeding is comprehensive and the effect is thorough, and it plays a role in maintaining and loosening the soil. The point of attention is not to be missed. (4) Rational use of herbicides. There are more than 100 kinds of rice field herbicides, and their weeding range, application methods, and use period are also different. Therefore, in the use of rice field herbicides, we should carefully identify the scope, methods and methods of weeding, understand the "caution" to avoid loss. At the same time, according to the concept of environmental protection and weed control, herbicides containing metsulfuron should not be used because they are slowly degraded in the soil and have a greater impact on the crop.
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