Rice straw returning technology
One is mechanical harvesting. Mechanical harvesting usually takes only part of the ear, and threshing is completed at the same time. The threshing after threshing is dropped in the field. Therefore, 100% straw is used for field harvesting. The second is artificial panicle harvest. It is suitable for farmland that cannot be reached by machinery or machinery. This method only cuts the ear of rice straw. The length of the lower part of the ear is about 2 cm, the length of rice straw is 50 to 60 cm, and about 4/5 rice straw is left in the rice field. The third is to artificially keep high piles harvested. At the time of harvesting, the upper part of the rice straw was harvested, the length of the rice ear was cut 5 to 10 cm, the rice straw was 45 to 50 cm high, and about 3/4 or more of the rice straw was left in the paddy field. After harvesting, the panicles should be immediately turned over to prevent the rice straw from being sun dried and affecting the speed of decay. Usually, shallow water is used for tilling (depth of 1 to 2 cm) or dry tillage.
Rape straw returning technology
1, suitable for high piles. When harvesting rape, the height of piles can be as high as 17 to 20 cm. The back rake is rice. You can use a rotary cultivator to remove water from the rake. You can also use hoe ploughs to plow and remove rakes before flooding.
2, covering the line between. The rape stalks are covered with mulberry, fruit, corn, vegetables and other lines, returning the organic matter to the soil, and also plays a role of maintaining saggers, increasing (decreasing) the temperature, and increasing the elimination effect. Generally, 150 to 200 kg of dry rapeseed stalks are paved evenly per acre, and mulberry, fruit, and vegetable gardens can be spread more.
3, build system of heap, fertilizer. The rapeseed stalks can be composted with livestock manure, and the manure and straw compartments can be stacked and compacted, which can promote ripening and improve fertilizer efficiency. Straw can also be used to make grass mud ponds, straws can be put into the digester, and finally returned to the field.
4, rapid decommissioning return field. This technology uses the "straw quick rot" to rapidly decompose the rape straw and return it to the field. The specific approach is: to fully add water through the straw, and then layer (each layer thickness of about 60 cm) to add 0.1% of the straw rot and 0.5% of the fast rot, soil can be sealed. The straw rapid decomposing technology is a new technology that is efficient and rapid, is not limited by the seasons and locations, is simple in the method of composting, and is labor-saving and labor-saving. It can be used for hay and fresh grass. Its advantage is high fertilizer efficiency.
Cotton straw returning technology
1. Crush and return to the field. When the cotton stalk is crushed, a large-sized straw crusher is used to make the length of the cotton stalk comminuted to be about 5 cm so as to prevent the earth pressure of the straw from being too long and the soil not to be solid, which will affect the emergence and growth of the crop. After the smashing, it is necessary to carry out autumn turning to plow the straw till the soil as soon as possible. It is better to plough the soil while plowing. This will allow the straw to be turned into the soil as soon as possible. The autumn turning depth should be more than 25 cm to speed up the decomposition of the straw, and it can also be avoided. Loss of straw.
2, enough to return fields. The decomposition of cotton stalks depends on the microorganisms in the soil, and the survival and reproduction of microorganisms must have a suitable soil moisture content. If the soil is too dry, it will seriously affect the reproduction of soil microorganisms and slow down the decomposition rate of straw. Therefore, the straw should be timely watered after returning to the field to promote close contact between the straw and the soil and prevent overhead.
3, add nitrogen fertilizer. After the cotton stalks are returned to the soil, when the soil microorganisms decompose the cotton stalks, they need to absorb a large amount of nitrogen from the soil to complete the decomposition process. If nitrogen fertilizer is not added, the microorganisms will inevitably compete with the seedlings of the lower crops for the nitrogen in the soil, which will affect the normal growth of the seedlings of the lower crop. Therefore, when the straw is returned to the field, a certain amount of nitrogen fertilizer must be applied during the fall.
4. Prevention of pest and disease transmission: When cotton stalks are returned to the field, they must use well-grown cotton stalks. Do not turn the stalks with cotton and wilt to the land for re-embedding. The stalks with germs must be transported out of the field and completely cut off the germs. Pollution, so as not to spread and spread the disease.
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