Release date: 2016-03-23
For the first time, scientists in San Francisco, Calif., directly observed how new metastatic sites were established in the lungs of invasive cancer cells that migrated to a model of metastatic cancer. What they saw was very surprising: the early "pioneer" cells that reached the lungs generally died, but they spread small particles and worked hard and were swallowed by their immune cells. Many immune cells enter the lung tissue after being infected by tumor particles, opening up new space for future cancer cells to settle by blood drifting and forming new metastatic sites. These latest findings were published online in Nature on March 16.
People have always thought that invasive cancer cells enter a healthy tissue or either survive and deteriorate or be eliminated by immune cells. Surprisingly, cancer cells turn immune cells into partners, paving the way for the next cancer cell. This will have a new understanding of the interaction between pioneer cancer cells and the immune system, leading to better ways to treat and prevent human invasive tumors.
Microscope breakthrough allows the first video of invasive cancer in living lungs
Infiltration and metastasis in vital organs such as the lungs, brain, liver and other organs is the cause of most cancer deaths, but until the publication of this article, little is known about the process of metastasis. Few researchers have been able to directly observe the first phase of metastatic invasion, understanding why some new cancer metastasis develops and others shrink. The Krummel laboratory, published here, can stably image cancer cells in the lungs of mice in the first 24 hours, and when they arrive, they are observed with a two-photon microscope. Because the lungs move a few millimeters back and forth in each breath, this can cause researchers to be unable to observe tiny cancer cells.
Insight into the immune response indicates the possibility of treatment
Not all immune cells work with cancer cells. The researchers found that after injection of cancer cells in mice, they were able to observe several "waves" of different immune cells reaching the lungs by fluorescence lineage reporters and flow cytometry. Many early response to immune cells, such as monocytes and macrophages, can help cancer cells establish new sites. Dendritic cells usually arrive later, but seem to recognize that cancer is a threat: after phagocytosis of cancer cell particles, they move to the lymph nodes of mice to activate other immune cells to return to the lungs to attack any early metastatic lesions.
This opens the door to new ways of treating cancer patients: for example, trying to prevent cancer cells from being rooted by suppressing immune cells to prevent cancer cells from taking root, while enhancing the activity of more sensitive dendritic cells to promote proper immune response Any new metastatic lesions.
Source: Bio-Exploration
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