1 Miscellaneous bacteria, diseases, pests and their control
1.1 Miscellaneous bacteria and their control methods
1.1.1 The ghost umbrella is commonly known as wild mushroom. Its morphological characteristics are: the cap is firstly warp-shaped or oval-shaped, jade white, grayish or yellow-white, and the surface is mostly scales, and the handle is slender and hollow. The old ripened caps were unfolded, and the pleats gradually turned black from white to white, and they eventually dissolved into ink with the cap.
Control methods: pile up the culture materials, increase the temperature of the heap, reduce the content of ammonia gas, prevent the growth of the culture materials, and excessive humidity, so as to suppress the occurrence and growth of comatus. Mushrooms on the bed after the ghost should be removed in time; if the umbrella occurs, 2% to 5% of the formaldehyde solution can be used for prevention and treatment.
1.1.2 White plaster mold, also known as stinky fungus, has morphological characteristics. It was initially a double-branched, massive mycelium that gradually turned into a dark yellow flour with a pungent odor.
Control methods: increase the amount of superphosphate, reduce the pH of the culture material: after local occurrence, spray 50% carbendazim WP 500 times.
1.1.3 Dirty rubber bacterium, also known as plastic gyro, marsupial mushroom, fecal bowl, morphological characteristics: group of bacteria or clusters, short handle, gyro is shallow cup after stretching, diameter 1 to 4.5 cm, height 1 to 2.5 cm , dark brown outside, with tufts of fluff, wrinkled when dry, toxic.
Control methods: Properly ventilate the joint company of the bacteria and reduce the humidity; promptly remove the bacteria of the plastic drum bacterium and bury it deeply; when it occurs locally, use 2% to 5% of the formaldehyde solution for spraying.
1.2 Insect pests and their prevention methods
1.2.1 The white adults of the worm larvae are gray-blue, small in size, soft and wingless, and rarely exceed 5 mm in length. The main bite fruit body, generally invasive from the wound or the pleated part.
Control methods: When the insect is found on the surface of the mushroom, it can be sprayed with 40% trichlorfon EC 250 times or 70% omethoate EC 500 times, or 80% dichlorvos EC 1000 times with a small amount of honey. Trapping and killing; after the mushrooming of the bed surface, it can be sprayed with 1.1% of the compound matrine phytochemical 500 times, and 80% of the dichlorvos EC 1000 times with a small amount of honey.
1.2.2 Mushroom fly adults are 6 to 9 mm long and dark gray. The larvae are 8 to 12 mm long, white, with a pointed head and a blunt tail. The ellipse is long, elliptical, 6-8 mm long, red-brown to dark brown.
Control methods: mushroom room to install screens to prevent mushroom fly access; mushroom room found adult, the available liquor 0.5, 2 copies of water, 3 copies of brown sugar, 3.5 parts of vinegar, add a small amount of trichlorfon or dichlorvos, placed in the basin, Trapping.
1.2.3 Mushroom mosquitoes generally have a body length of 4.5-6.0 mm, a larva body length of 10-13 mm, and a long barrel shape. Adults have phototaxis and fly ability.
Control methods: mushrooms were found before mushrooming, fumigation with dichlorvos; after mushrooming, the ramie leaves were smashed, squeezed out of juice, mixed in a ratio of 10 parts of water to 1 part of juice, boiled and cooled, and sprayed in a mushroom house. Material surface.
1.3 Diseases and Methods of Prevention and Control
1.3.1 Brown spot disease, also known as dry bulb disease, verticillitis, etc. Mushrooms take about 2 weeks from sickness to brown spots. Initially, irregular spots of brown needles on the head of the mushroom were produced. After that, the spots gradually expanded and produced depressions, and the depressions appeared gray.
Control methods: Spray 50% carbendazim WP 500 times.
1.3.2 After the soft rot fruit body is infected, it gradually turns brown until it rots.
Control methods: reduce water spray on the bed, enhance ventilation, reduce air humidity, and sprinkle lime powder on affected parts; spray 50% carbendazim WP 800 times.
2 Comprehensive prevention
2.1 Preparation and disinfection of culture materials
2.1.1 The pH value of the pH culture material before entering the shed should be adjusted to 7.5-8. If it exceeds 8.2, it will easily cause the occurrence of white mold. The pH is too high and the calcium superphosphate is used to adjust; if it is too low, it is adjusted with lime water.
2.1.2 The sterilizing culture materials shall be sprayed with 80% dichlorvos EC 200 times or 40% omethoate EC 400 times on the surface of the pile one day before entering the shed, and then sealed for 24 hours to kill fleas and others. Pests.
2.2 Sterilization of mushroom house
2.2.1 Disinfection of vacant rooms 15 grams of sulphur per cubic meter, 2 ml of formaldehyde, and 8 ml of 80% dichlorvos EC are mixed in sawdust and placed in paper bags. , stifling 24 hours. Or per 100 square meters of bed with 2 kg of formaldehyde, 1 kg of dichlorvos fumigation for 24 hours, and then open the window for ventilation. If it is a heavy mushroom house, remove the dismantled bed in time and remove it completely, and move it to the outside for thorough cleaning and exposure. If it cannot be removed, uncover the plastic film for several days, and use 10% of the wall. ~ 20% lime spray paint. Close the mushroom house before use and fumigate it according to the above method.
2.2.2 Sterilization of the actual house Each 100 m2 of the bed surface is heated and fumigated with 1 kg of formaldehyde, closed for 24 hours, and then the ventilation openings are opened.
2.3 Adjusting and disinfecting pH of casing soil
2.3.1 Disinfection Apply 5% formaldehyde solution to uniformly wet the soil particles, dry it slightly and then dry it. Then use 80% of dichlorvos EC 500 times to spray wet, and then seal it with a film for 24 hours.
2.3.2 pH adjustment Lime is used to adjust the pH of the soil particles. A suitable pH is about 7.5-8.
2.4 Protection of Vents Each ventilation vent is covered with gauze to prevent the entry of various pests.
1.1 Miscellaneous bacteria and their control methods
1.1.1 The ghost umbrella is commonly known as wild mushroom. Its morphological characteristics are: the cap is firstly warp-shaped or oval-shaped, jade white, grayish or yellow-white, and the surface is mostly scales, and the handle is slender and hollow. The old ripened caps were unfolded, and the pleats gradually turned black from white to white, and they eventually dissolved into ink with the cap.
Control methods: pile up the culture materials, increase the temperature of the heap, reduce the content of ammonia gas, prevent the growth of the culture materials, and excessive humidity, so as to suppress the occurrence and growth of comatus. Mushrooms on the bed after the ghost should be removed in time; if the umbrella occurs, 2% to 5% of the formaldehyde solution can be used for prevention and treatment.
1.1.2 White plaster mold, also known as stinky fungus, has morphological characteristics. It was initially a double-branched, massive mycelium that gradually turned into a dark yellow flour with a pungent odor.
Control methods: increase the amount of superphosphate, reduce the pH of the culture material: after local occurrence, spray 50% carbendazim WP 500 times.
1.1.3 Dirty rubber bacterium, also known as plastic gyro, marsupial mushroom, fecal bowl, morphological characteristics: group of bacteria or clusters, short handle, gyro is shallow cup after stretching, diameter 1 to 4.5 cm, height 1 to 2.5 cm , dark brown outside, with tufts of fluff, wrinkled when dry, toxic.
Control methods: Properly ventilate the joint company of the bacteria and reduce the humidity; promptly remove the bacteria of the plastic drum bacterium and bury it deeply; when it occurs locally, use 2% to 5% of the formaldehyde solution for spraying.
1.2 Insect pests and their prevention methods
1.2.1 The white adults of the worm larvae are gray-blue, small in size, soft and wingless, and rarely exceed 5 mm in length. The main bite fruit body, generally invasive from the wound or the pleated part.
Control methods: When the insect is found on the surface of the mushroom, it can be sprayed with 40% trichlorfon EC 250 times or 70% omethoate EC 500 times, or 80% dichlorvos EC 1000 times with a small amount of honey. Trapping and killing; after the mushrooming of the bed surface, it can be sprayed with 1.1% of the compound matrine phytochemical 500 times, and 80% of the dichlorvos EC 1000 times with a small amount of honey.
1.2.2 Mushroom fly adults are 6 to 9 mm long and dark gray. The larvae are 8 to 12 mm long, white, with a pointed head and a blunt tail. The ellipse is long, elliptical, 6-8 mm long, red-brown to dark brown.
Control methods: mushroom room to install screens to prevent mushroom fly access; mushroom room found adult, the available liquor 0.5, 2 copies of water, 3 copies of brown sugar, 3.5 parts of vinegar, add a small amount of trichlorfon or dichlorvos, placed in the basin, Trapping.
1.2.3 Mushroom mosquitoes generally have a body length of 4.5-6.0 mm, a larva body length of 10-13 mm, and a long barrel shape. Adults have phototaxis and fly ability.
Control methods: mushrooms were found before mushrooming, fumigation with dichlorvos; after mushrooming, the ramie leaves were smashed, squeezed out of juice, mixed in a ratio of 10 parts of water to 1 part of juice, boiled and cooled, and sprayed in a mushroom house. Material surface.
1.3 Diseases and Methods of Prevention and Control
1.3.1 Brown spot disease, also known as dry bulb disease, verticillitis, etc. Mushrooms take about 2 weeks from sickness to brown spots. Initially, irregular spots of brown needles on the head of the mushroom were produced. After that, the spots gradually expanded and produced depressions, and the depressions appeared gray.
Control methods: Spray 50% carbendazim WP 500 times.
1.3.2 After the soft rot fruit body is infected, it gradually turns brown until it rots.
Control methods: reduce water spray on the bed, enhance ventilation, reduce air humidity, and sprinkle lime powder on affected parts; spray 50% carbendazim WP 800 times.
2 Comprehensive prevention
2.1 Preparation and disinfection of culture materials
2.1.1 The pH value of the pH culture material before entering the shed should be adjusted to 7.5-8. If it exceeds 8.2, it will easily cause the occurrence of white mold. The pH is too high and the calcium superphosphate is used to adjust; if it is too low, it is adjusted with lime water.
2.1.2 The sterilizing culture materials shall be sprayed with 80% dichlorvos EC 200 times or 40% omethoate EC 400 times on the surface of the pile one day before entering the shed, and then sealed for 24 hours to kill fleas and others. Pests.
2.2 Sterilization of mushroom house
2.2.1 Disinfection of vacant rooms 15 grams of sulphur per cubic meter, 2 ml of formaldehyde, and 8 ml of 80% dichlorvos EC are mixed in sawdust and placed in paper bags. , stifling 24 hours. Or per 100 square meters of bed with 2 kg of formaldehyde, 1 kg of dichlorvos fumigation for 24 hours, and then open the window for ventilation. If it is a heavy mushroom house, remove the dismantled bed in time and remove it completely, and move it to the outside for thorough cleaning and exposure. If it cannot be removed, uncover the plastic film for several days, and use 10% of the wall. ~ 20% lime spray paint. Close the mushroom house before use and fumigate it according to the above method.
2.2.2 Sterilization of the actual house Each 100 m2 of the bed surface is heated and fumigated with 1 kg of formaldehyde, closed for 24 hours, and then the ventilation openings are opened.
2.3 Adjusting and disinfecting pH of casing soil
2.3.1 Disinfection Apply 5% formaldehyde solution to uniformly wet the soil particles, dry it slightly and then dry it. Then use 80% of dichlorvos EC 500 times to spray wet, and then seal it with a film for 24 hours.
2.3.2 pH adjustment Lime is used to adjust the pH of the soil particles. A suitable pH is about 7.5-8.
2.4 Protection of Vents Each ventilation vent is covered with gauze to prevent the entry of various pests.
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