Linen blight is a common disease in the seedling stage and occurs in varying degrees in Zhaosu area. The general incidence rate is 10% to 30%, and it can reach 50% in severe cases. After the flax seedlings become sick, the plants grow slowly or die, which seriously causes the lack of seedlings in the field and affects the yield of flax and fiber quality.
First, the symptoms of blight disease after emergence of flax seedlings emergence of young plants stems were yellowish-brown stripe-like scars, the upper and lower spread of the disease, severe when the stem base contraction and thinning, the formation of a clear depression. Those who suffer from rickets can recover, and those with severe diseases are wilted and gradually die.
Second, the incidence of blight
1, the influence of temperature and humidity The climatic conditions of flax seedlings are the dominant factors that affect the occurrence of damping-off. After sowing, if the soil temperature is low, the seedlings will grow slowly and increase the chance of pathogen infection. Two months after emergence, in the event of drought and rain, young shoots are tender and susceptible to pathogen infection. Generally, the pathogenic bacteria begin to move at a soil temperature of about 10°C, and when it is wet and the soil moisture is high, it is extremely conducive to the reproduction, transmission and infestation of pathogenic bacteria.
2. Impacts of tillage cultivation Bacterial crop blight is a disease mainly caused by soil transmission, so its occurrence and development are greatly affected by soil and cultivation conditions.
In the flax replanting plots, the bacteria can continuously accumulate in the soil, and the incidence increases. The flax fields are low in height and can easily cause water accumulation in the fields, causing the soil moisture to increase and the diseases to increase. Soil viscosity, soil compaction, ground temperature drop, making seedlings difficult to unearth, growing weak, severe blight. Deep sowing delays seedling growth, poor growth, and is also conducive to disease. Deep flanking and intensively cultivated flax fields, flax plants grow vigorously, disease resistance is strong, and the incidence is light. Lack of nutrition and malnutrition are also the incentives to promote flax sensation. For example, phosphate fertilizer has a good effect on root development. Potash fertilizer can promote the growth of flax stalks. Single application of nitrogen fertilizer has the tendency to promote the development of diseases, and the reasonable application of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements will help increase the yield and reduce the disease. Especially in the soil with insufficient potassium fertilizer, a proper and balanced fertilization effect is better. Fertilization can increase the disease resistance of flax.
III. Comprehensive Control Measures for Blight
1. Reasonable crop rotation in flax seedlings in the decayed soil of flax seedlings, the continuous cropping land not only deteriorates the physical and chemical properties of the soil but also adversely affects the growth and development of the flax plants, and the bacteria in the soil accumulates day by day, increasing the degree of soil infection. Therefore, rotation and dumping are very necessary. Heavy lifting is strictly prohibited. The ideal cornice for growing linen in Zhaosu is wheat, corn and other crops, followed by rapeseed.
2. Appropriate sowing and appropriate sowing are very important for controlling linen blight. According to the climate characteristics of our region, use the early spring snow pods, suitable early sowing, ensure that the whole seedlings broadcast. The suitable sowing period is from April 10 to May 1. Late sowing in case of drought and less rain is not conducive to emergence. Late seeding and flowering are in high temperature and rain conditions, and vegetative growth and reproductive growth are intertwined, which is not conducive to the formation and accumulation of fibers, and reduces the rate of hemp, resulting in reduced yields. Pay attention to the quality of sowing when sowing, sowing depth of 2 to 3 cm. To avoid being too deep and shallow, in order to ensure fast emergence, Miao Qi and Miao Zhuang, reduce the risk of pathogen infection.
3.Strengthen the management of cultivation Select a plot with deep soil, loose soil, strong water-retaining fertilizer, and flat terrain, deep plowing and intensive cultivation, and apply nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements in a reasonable manner to remove weeds in the field and cultivate strong seedlings. Improve plant resistance to disease. Remove flax residues after harvest to reduce the source of bacteria.
4. Selection of improved varieties, chemical control According to my group's three years of planting experience, the selection of disease-resistant varieties is one of the effective ways to prevent dampness. Should choose high yield, strong resistance, full grain, germination rate of high varieties, such as: Tianxin 7, Fan Ni and other varieties. The primary source of infection for flax sickness stems from soil and seed colonization. To prevent seed disease, it is important to coat the seeds or treat them with chemicals prior to sowing, using 0.3% carbendazim or thiophanate methyl Or make dry and seed dressing to reduce the occurrence of diseases.
5. Chemical control at the seedling stage The incidence of field blight at the seedling stage of flax is more than 10%, which can be combined with chemical control. 667 square meters with good Lectra 10 ml or thiophanate-methyl 70 ~ 90 grams, control effect is obvious. In order to increase the disease resistance of flax and achieve the purpose of increasing production, Gao Meishi 40 grams or 100 grams of Yeba can be sprayed on every 667 square meters of leaf surface.
First, the symptoms of blight disease after emergence of flax seedlings emergence of young plants stems were yellowish-brown stripe-like scars, the upper and lower spread of the disease, severe when the stem base contraction and thinning, the formation of a clear depression. Those who suffer from rickets can recover, and those with severe diseases are wilted and gradually die.
Second, the incidence of blight
1, the influence of temperature and humidity The climatic conditions of flax seedlings are the dominant factors that affect the occurrence of damping-off. After sowing, if the soil temperature is low, the seedlings will grow slowly and increase the chance of pathogen infection. Two months after emergence, in the event of drought and rain, young shoots are tender and susceptible to pathogen infection. Generally, the pathogenic bacteria begin to move at a soil temperature of about 10°C, and when it is wet and the soil moisture is high, it is extremely conducive to the reproduction, transmission and infestation of pathogenic bacteria.
2. Impacts of tillage cultivation Bacterial crop blight is a disease mainly caused by soil transmission, so its occurrence and development are greatly affected by soil and cultivation conditions.
In the flax replanting plots, the bacteria can continuously accumulate in the soil, and the incidence increases. The flax fields are low in height and can easily cause water accumulation in the fields, causing the soil moisture to increase and the diseases to increase. Soil viscosity, soil compaction, ground temperature drop, making seedlings difficult to unearth, growing weak, severe blight. Deep sowing delays seedling growth, poor growth, and is also conducive to disease. Deep flanking and intensively cultivated flax fields, flax plants grow vigorously, disease resistance is strong, and the incidence is light. Lack of nutrition and malnutrition are also the incentives to promote flax sensation. For example, phosphate fertilizer has a good effect on root development. Potash fertilizer can promote the growth of flax stalks. Single application of nitrogen fertilizer has the tendency to promote the development of diseases, and the reasonable application of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements will help increase the yield and reduce the disease. Especially in the soil with insufficient potassium fertilizer, a proper and balanced fertilization effect is better. Fertilization can increase the disease resistance of flax.
III. Comprehensive Control Measures for Blight
1. Reasonable crop rotation in flax seedlings in the decayed soil of flax seedlings, the continuous cropping land not only deteriorates the physical and chemical properties of the soil but also adversely affects the growth and development of the flax plants, and the bacteria in the soil accumulates day by day, increasing the degree of soil infection. Therefore, rotation and dumping are very necessary. Heavy lifting is strictly prohibited. The ideal cornice for growing linen in Zhaosu is wheat, corn and other crops, followed by rapeseed.
2. Appropriate sowing and appropriate sowing are very important for controlling linen blight. According to the climate characteristics of our region, use the early spring snow pods, suitable early sowing, ensure that the whole seedlings broadcast. The suitable sowing period is from April 10 to May 1. Late sowing in case of drought and less rain is not conducive to emergence. Late seeding and flowering are in high temperature and rain conditions, and vegetative growth and reproductive growth are intertwined, which is not conducive to the formation and accumulation of fibers, and reduces the rate of hemp, resulting in reduced yields. Pay attention to the quality of sowing when sowing, sowing depth of 2 to 3 cm. To avoid being too deep and shallow, in order to ensure fast emergence, Miao Qi and Miao Zhuang, reduce the risk of pathogen infection.
3.Strengthen the management of cultivation Select a plot with deep soil, loose soil, strong water-retaining fertilizer, and flat terrain, deep plowing and intensive cultivation, and apply nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements in a reasonable manner to remove weeds in the field and cultivate strong seedlings. Improve plant resistance to disease. Remove flax residues after harvest to reduce the source of bacteria.
4. Selection of improved varieties, chemical control According to my group's three years of planting experience, the selection of disease-resistant varieties is one of the effective ways to prevent dampness. Should choose high yield, strong resistance, full grain, germination rate of high varieties, such as: Tianxin 7, Fan Ni and other varieties. The primary source of infection for flax sickness stems from soil and seed colonization. To prevent seed disease, it is important to coat the seeds or treat them with chemicals prior to sowing, using 0.3% carbendazim or thiophanate methyl Or make dry and seed dressing to reduce the occurrence of diseases.
5. Chemical control at the seedling stage The incidence of field blight at the seedling stage of flax is more than 10%, which can be combined with chemical control. 667 square meters with good Lectra 10 ml or thiophanate-methyl 70 ~ 90 grams, control effect is obvious. In order to increase the disease resistance of flax and achieve the purpose of increasing production, Gao Meishi 40 grams or 100 grams of Yeba can be sprayed on every 667 square meters of leaf surface.
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