Pathogens
The type of dragonfly. There are many kinds of cockroaches, and various cockroaches are very similar in morphology. Most scholars believe that there is only one kind of cockroach. The cockroaches that are parasitic to various animals are its variants. Among them, fleas and itch are the most dangerous and pigs have multiple rickets.
The characteristics of 螨. The crickets are small, turtle-shaped, grayish or yellow-white, and their heads, chests, and abdomen merge together. There are mouthparts on the front end, four pairs of limbs on the ventral surface, and suckers or bristles on the extremities. Males are smaller than females.
The development of earthworms. The four stages of cricket development are spent on the host, including eggs, cubs, raccoon, and pupa. Among them, mistletoe is in the deep layer of the skin, and it is replenished with the cell's cells and tissue fluid. The itchiness and parasitism is on the surface of the skin, and the tissue fluid and the lymph fluid are nutritious.
The fertility and resistance of cockroaches. The females produce about 40 to 50 eggs, and about 100 eggs to lay eggs. Under suitable conditions, one generation can be completed within 2 weeks to 3 weeks. Under the unfavorable conditions, it can be transferred into dormant state, sleep for up to 5 months to 6 months, and has increased resistance to various physical and chemical factors. After leaving the animal body, ticks can survive for 2 weeks to 3 weeks, and itch ticks can survive for 1 month to 2 months, and maintain invasiveness.
Specificity of the host to the host. All kinds of animals can suffer from rickets, and only after being infected with specific ticks can cause disease and spread throughout the entire population.
Clinical symptoms
At the beginning of the disease, it mainly occurs in the eyes, cheeks, and ear roots where the pig's skin is thin, and the body hair is short, and gradually spreads to the back, body side, and the inner side of the femur. Piglets usually have erythema on the skin, accompanied by pruritus (acute hypersensitivity) on the pimples, and the pigs rub around, causing bleeding, hair loss, scabs, skin hypertrophy, loss of elasticity, wrinkling, or cracking in the affected area. Some young piglets The color even fell off. The depilation site is not conducive to the growth and development of alfalfa, and gradually spread to surrounding healthy parts until it spreads throughout the body. The symptoms of breeding pigs are generally not obvious, common skin micro-redness, less hair, moulting is not obvious, more dander, but often visible in the pig house wall because of itching and smooth scratches. Due to inflammation of the skin, sick pigs are restless, affecting rest, feeding, and digestion, causing sick pigs to grow slowly or stagnate and become stiff pigs. Severely affected pigs gradually became wasted, anemic, and even died of exhaustion, particularly in the performance of the pigs.
Laboratory inspection
Suspicious cases with insignificant symptoms can be diagnosed in the laboratory. Inspection method: Cut the hair at the site where the material is collected, scrape the skin at the junction between the affected part and the healthy part with a flame sterilized surgical knife, and immerse the collected material in a test tube of 10% caustic soda solution for 1 hour. After 2 hours of softening and dissolution of the skin, discard the upper layer of liquid, absorb the sediment, drop on the slide, and check with a low power microscope. It can be seen that the bristle is dark gray or yellow-white, round or turtle-shaped, dorsoventral flat, head, chest, abdomen, iliac in one, the mouth has mouthparts, the abdomen has four pairs.
diagnosis
According to epidemiological and clinical symptoms, it is not difficult to make a diagnosis of the disease, if necessary, laboratory tests can confirm the diagnosis. Clinically, attention should be paid to the differential diagnosis of eczema, atopic dermatitis and hernia.
Precaution
Clean and dry, ventilated and light-transmitting pighouses should be kept clean and regularly disinfected and kept at an appropriate breeding density.
When a good approach is entered into a pig, strict clinical examinations should be conducted to prevent the introduction of diseased pigs. They should be isolated and observed for 2 weeks to 4 weeks after entering the farm.
After isolation and treatment, pigs should be immediately isolated and treated to prevent spread. In the treatment of sick pigs, the use of acaricidal drugs to completely disinfect pig houses and utensils, and to control the same group of pigs, the treated pigs were housed in a disinfected insecticidal hygienic pig house.
Application of drugs regularly repelling macrolide acaricidal drugs is a new type of broad-spectrum, high-efficiency, safe, and small-volume ideal antibody internal and external parasites that are currently used clinically with the best, widest, and highest sales. Each year, the pigs in the audience regularly use avermectin or ivermectin and other drugs to repel insects to achieve the effect of killing both internal and external parasites at once. At the same time with the environmental health measures, can effectively eliminate pig farm rickets.
treatment method
In vitro medication generally use applicator, spray, medicated bath therapy. In order to fully contact the worms with drugs, it is best to thoroughly wash the affected area with soapy water or a phenolic solution and eliminate the hard tinea and dirt before using the medicine. In clinical practice, it usually takes 2 to 3 times, with an interval of 7 days to 10 days. Severe cases require more times. When using external medicines for medicinal baths, attention should be paid to the observation and the symptoms of poisoning, such as poor spirits and foaming at the mouth, should be promptly treated. At the same time, the staff should also pay attention to safety.
With a 2% solution of trichlorfon, wash the affected area or use a sprayer to spray the pig body, the walls of the house, the ground, and utensils. In winter, rub the affected area with 1 part of trichlorfon and 4 parts of liquid paraffin.
Use a 500ppm double armored water emulsion bath or spray on the affected area and environment. Amitraz is extremely toxic to humans and animals and can be used for pregnancy and lactating sows. For example: Sichuan Xiongfeng Animal Pharmaceutical Factory, except for Funing, the main component is Amitraz, a 10 ml, can be mixed with water 4 liters to 7 liters, smear or spray the affected area and the environment.
Use 500ppm phoxim emulsion to rub or spray the affected area and environment. For example: Jiangxi Heguang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. produced in addition to Funing, the main component is phoxim, a 10 ml, can dilute about 10 liters, smear or spray the affected area and the environment.
Spray with 250 ppm diazonone emulsion solution.
Use tobacco leaf or stem 1 part, add 20 parts of water, soak for 24 hours, cook for 1 hour and rub the affected part once a day.
Rub the affected area with waste engine oil once a day.
In vivo drug use injection or oral administration method to achieve the effect of killing both the external and internal parasites in pigs.
With avermectin or ivermectin at 300ug per kilogram of body weight, subcutaneous injection into the neck, or internal administration (but not as effective as injection), repeat the administration of the drug once every 5 days to 7 days.
Doramectin (passing off) was injected intramuscularly at 300 ug/kg body weight. Sows to be born in pigs are injected 7 days to 14 days before delivery; breeding boars are treated at least twice a year in spring and autumn; shelf pigs are injected on the same day as pigs; hogs are injected before shifting at each stage. Such as the treatment of all the pigs in the audience once, and with good environmental hygiene measures, can effectively eliminate the rickets on the farm.
Disinfection and killing of the environment In the treatment of diseased pigs, pighouses and utensils are completely disinfected with acaricidal drugs, leaving no dead ends, especially in the corners and crevices of pig houses. A 5% aqueous solution of trichlorfon may be used clinically to spray walls, floors and appliances.
Summary and Experience
Swine fever is currently recognized as the most serious porcine ectoparasite in the world. In pig farms in China, there are almost all cases of swine fever, which is extremely harmful to the swine industry.
The prevention of swine fever should be done in the following aspects: First, establish a quarantine system and get a good entry. When pigs are introduced, strict clinical examinations should be conducted. It is strictly forbidden to enter sick pigs or pigs. Second, strengthen health measures. The barn should be kept dry, well lit, well ventilated, moderate in density, and regularly disinfected and killed. Second, adhere to the principle of early detection and early treatment. Once suspected pigs are found, they should be diagnosed as soon as possible, segregated and treated with the same group of pigs. Contaminated pig houses and utensils should be treated with an acaricide.
The treatment of swine fever should take into account the combination of internal and external methods. The use of external medicines is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but it has not yet received very good results. After treatment, the pigs were found to have subclinical symptoms. With the successful development and application of macrolide antimiticides, it is easy to control swine fever. In clinical treatment, any kind of external medicine is selected, combined with the use of avermectin or ivermectin for treatment, and the house and utensils are completely disinfected with acaricidal drugs for insecticidal treatment, which can achieve better results. The cure rate increased significantly and the relapse rate dropped significantly. Effectively solve the farmer's problems caused by rickets, improve the efficiency of the farm.
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