I. Cotton cultivation (I) Seedling transplanting
1, nursery techniques: 1 built bed: double arch double membrane. 2 Nutrition soil preparation: organic fertilizer and soil 2:8; dry humidity is suitable; 3 seedbed management: divided into four stages, the first stage, before emergence, insulation and moisturizing, promote seedlings to come out; the second phase, the first true leaf period, small ventilation, heat and humidity, promote real leaf early, bed temperature 20-25°C; the third stage, during the period of emergence, the first true leaf appears in the middle period - the second true leaf is unfolded, which is heat-preserving and disease-preventing, and stretches the practice time; it does not make the bed temperature go up and down; Stage, the third true leaf appears to transplant. Train strong seedlings and prepare well for transplanting. The standard of strong seedlings before transplanting is true leaves three or four pieces, red stem just over half, root white leaves disease-free, seedling phase is short and healthy.
2, determine the transplanting period: When the 5 cm ground temperature is lower than 15 °C when the hair root is very slow, the ground temperature reached 17 °C, 3-4 days after planting a new root, when the ground temperature above 19 °C, as long as 1-2 days can be Send new roots. However, it must be planted on a sunny day. After the rain, it will not be planted in the wet, and will not be transplanted before and after the cold.
3. Transplanting methods: Adhere to ten processes: rowing or putting lines, digging pits, and lifting crops. Stable over half the soil, Shi An's house fat, pouring unity of water, the second time covering the soil and righting the cotton seedlings, warming up the ground, sprinkle food to prevent tigers.
(B) Seedling stage of the cultivation and management of seedlings: Emergence bud emergence period management is the focus of the whole seedlings, early seedlings, Qi Miao, strong seedlings, promote normal growth and development of the aboveground and underground, lay a good foundation to increase buds and peaches .
Management measures: checking seedlings to make up for shortages; early and medium tillage, deep cultivator, and three must-dos, that is, after the rain must be smashed, the knot must be smashed, and the grass must be smashed; the seedlings should be chased; and the seedling pests should be prevented. Control method: When sowing, use carbendazim WP to cover the seeds. After the cotton seedlings are unearthed, 0.5-0.8 Bordeaux mixture is sprayed every 7-10 days, and the rooting disease can be rooted with 50% TU wettable powder. After the cotton seedlings have been unearthed, they can be sprayed with 500 times the bacteria poison as required or with 800-1000 times liquid.
Insect pests include: tigers, aphids, and red spiders.
(3) The cultivation and management bud stage at the seedling stage: cotton from the first bud to the flowering, it marks the beginning of the transition from vegetative growth to reproductive growth and vegetative growth.
1, bud stage seedlings standard: plant height one and a half feet thick dark color, purple bar to see flowers, concave top is stable (down four leaves below the growth point).
2. Cultivation points: Solve the contradictions between the two nutritional consumption centers and achieve stable growth.
3, measures: deep cultivator, root pull down, promote seedling strong, stable application of bud fertilizer, depends on the amount of seedlings, timely pruning, take off the legs, prosperous cotton field can hit the lower part of the old leaves; do a good second generation of cotton bollworm For prevention and control, individual prosperous cotton fields can be sprayed with auxin or deep scorpion control.
(D) The flowering and bolling period of the cultivation and management of flowers: from the flowering boll bolls, about 60 days. This period is the most vigorous period of cotton life. On the one hand, the long branches and long leaves are planted on high-yield shelves. On the one hand, budding, flowering, and bell-ringing are constant. This is the most intense period of internal conflicts and is therefore the key to cotton management throughout the year. period.
1, growth characteristics: This period is the period of vegetative growth and reproductive growth of cotton, which is an important period for the formation of yield, is the key to the management of cotton throughout the year, then the external conditions are high temperatures, rain, although beneficial to cotton Fast-paced, but poorly managed and prosperous. From the point of view of cotton itself, this period will not only lay a good shelf for high yields, but also allow the cotton to grow steadily, increase the rate of ringing, and reduce shedding.
2, management points: strong strains of hair, fight over the waist.
3, management measures:
1 Pre-harvest period: The management period is focused on prosperous growth and putting up high-yield shelves for the following reasons: First, after flowering, high temperatures and flood seasons, water and fertilizer warm temperatures meet, causing cotton to prosper for a period of time. Second, cotton itself is too fat. After the most prosperous growth, after the prosperous leaves increased, mutual shade, more deteriorating the field of light, a serious impact on Fuli peach; Third, most of the buds in this period is the volley flowering, is in the peak of the shedding of the bell However, competing for more buds is not as good as striving for security. Therefore, the management of this period should be controlled and prosperous.
The specific measures are: First, chase good-headed household fertilizers, so that the use of flowers and fertilizers can be used to synchronize the period of exertion of fertilizers with the peak period of bell-ringing. The second is high earth: the standard is the height of earthworms 25-30 cm, the surface of the upper tip is smooth, the slope is steep, the time can be earthed at the end of June or in early July, and the third is to do a good chemical adjustment: After the flowering, it is found that the cotton grows. The use of auxiliaries for the control should be based on the climate and the growth of the cotton at that time, with 5-8 grams per mu, plus 20-30 kilograms of water spray. This has a significant effect on controlling the growth of cotton and increasing bud protection. The weak growth of early flower growth cotton can be sprayed with high yield urea to promote growth. The fourth is the pruning of pests, the early flowers are the second generation of cotton bollworm, the harm of the prosperous period, to complete prevention and control, to minimize harm, the individual due to cotton bollworm damage caused by the early pruning of cotton, leave a bud in the upper part of the main stem For some cottons with prosperous tendencies, 2-3 old leaves and the edge of the lower fruit branch can be stamped to change the light conditions in the field and play a significant role in controlling the prolonged flowering period.
2 The post-harvest training points: Stable to seek the hair, and promote the hair to make hair quickly enough, not only to consolidate the Piao, but also to fight the basis of competing Peach. Promote fast hair, mainly due to:
The first is after the cotton is inundated. Generally, several large peaches have already settled in the lower part. The reproductive growth has been at a certain position. The probability of prosperous growth is greatly weakened, and there is no great risk of heavy fertilization.
Second, the lower part of the cotton should have a long peach, the middle part should be flowered, and the upper part must be continuously growing. This is the most period of nutrient consumption in a lifetime, and the consumption of fertilizer is equivalent to 40% of the total fertilizer consumption in the whole growth period. -50%, such a lack of fertilizer, will inevitably affect the premature aging of cotton, directly affect the autumn peach set.
The third is that this period of rapid development can be more positive buds. Most of the buds in this period were developed in mid-August. It is the best time for cotton to be a bell. The bell rate can be as high as 60%-70%. Raising buds lay a good foundation for adding more peaches. Therefore, this period of rapid development has both practical and far-reaching significance.
Management measures are:
First: Reapply flower and bell fertilizer. When the lower part of the cotton holds 2-3 large peaches, the flower and bell fertilizer should be chased once. Fertilizer should be applied to the feet of the soil. About 30 centimeters away from the cotton plant, in order to prevent the root cause of injury is best to drill deep, the fertilization has a certain commonality, whether it is normal growth, prosperous growth and lack of cotton to fertilize, flourishing cotton can be carried out after fertilization The control calls for peaches in the water and more competition for Qiu peach to make up for the output.
Second, the whole goodness: After entering the volatility, according to the growth of the cotton, the top should be played in stages in batches. The top of the top should be very strong. Eight points should be made, leaving two points of Zhang, which is to grasp the cotton growth potential. When it is going to fall but there is still more power to top. After the topping, the upper branch can be stretched to 20-30 cm. There are three fruit knots. It is better to have more than 2 cotton bolls. The method is that when the flowering node rises to the 6-7th fruit branch, the growth potential begins to decline. , Which is suitable for the top time, other pruning, such as playing the side of the heart, to empty branches, cut the old leaves, etc. can be flexible according to the growth of cotton, grow vigorously, the field can be more heavy cover. Instead, go less. Pruning can change the light in the field and promote the development of a bell.
Third, to prevent and control three generations of cotton bollworm and Fuxi.
Fourth, we should clear the ground and do a good job of flood control and prevent the normal growth of cotton.
Second, cotton fertilization (a) principles of fertilization
1, base fertilizer, early application, light to raise seedling fertilizer, stable Shi Lei fertilizer, re-apply flower bell fertilizer, make Shidingdingfei.
2. The amount of fertilizer applied to different cotton days should be determined according to the yield level and the soil fertility. Generally, 100 kg of lint are produced per mu, about 20-23 kg of nitrogen, 10-16 kg of phosphorus and 20-28 kg of potassium.
(two) fertilization technology
1, Shi foot base fertilizer. Deep plowing in time. Level land. Accompanied with the preparation of organic fertilizer kg per acre; about half a month before transplanting cotton seedlings, apply 45% per acre Shida Zhuang compound fertilizer 25-30 kg or 45% of compound fertilizer 25 kg, ammonium bicarbonate 20-25 kg.
2, Shi Ti Miao Fei. Fertilization early in the seedling stage, the amount of fertilizer should be less, and strive to stabilize early. After the basal fertilizer is used in a small amount, after easing the seedlings, 2-3 kg of urea is applied per acre.
3, Qiao Shi Lei fertilizer. To do organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer combined, bud flowers used. Struggle for more long-lasting peaches. Apply 5 kg of urea per acre.
4, Shi Hua bell fertilizer. During the flowering and boing period, we can reuse nitrogen fertilizer. Apply 45% per acre Shida Zhuang compound fertilizer 10-20 kg, urea 10-15 kg. After the topdressing, according to weather conditions and cotton growth, timely watering and chemical regulation.
5, cover top fertilizer. According to the growing trend of cotton, supplemental application of autumn peach fertilizer, the growing trend of the field is mainly foliar spray, adding a single boll weight. In the middle and late August, foliar spraying was performed with a mixture of 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1% urea. Spray 3-4 times. Interval 7-10 days at a time to prevent premature aging.
1, nursery techniques: 1 built bed: double arch double membrane. 2 Nutrition soil preparation: organic fertilizer and soil 2:8; dry humidity is suitable; 3 seedbed management: divided into four stages, the first stage, before emergence, insulation and moisturizing, promote seedlings to come out; the second phase, the first true leaf period, small ventilation, heat and humidity, promote real leaf early, bed temperature 20-25°C; the third stage, during the period of emergence, the first true leaf appears in the middle period - the second true leaf is unfolded, which is heat-preserving and disease-preventing, and stretches the practice time; it does not make the bed temperature go up and down; Stage, the third true leaf appears to transplant. Train strong seedlings and prepare well for transplanting. The standard of strong seedlings before transplanting is true leaves three or four pieces, red stem just over half, root white leaves disease-free, seedling phase is short and healthy.
2, determine the transplanting period: When the 5 cm ground temperature is lower than 15 °C when the hair root is very slow, the ground temperature reached 17 °C, 3-4 days after planting a new root, when the ground temperature above 19 °C, as long as 1-2 days can be Send new roots. However, it must be planted on a sunny day. After the rain, it will not be planted in the wet, and will not be transplanted before and after the cold.
3. Transplanting methods: Adhere to ten processes: rowing or putting lines, digging pits, and lifting crops. Stable over half the soil, Shi An's house fat, pouring unity of water, the second time covering the soil and righting the cotton seedlings, warming up the ground, sprinkle food to prevent tigers.
(B) Seedling stage of the cultivation and management of seedlings: Emergence bud emergence period management is the focus of the whole seedlings, early seedlings, Qi Miao, strong seedlings, promote normal growth and development of the aboveground and underground, lay a good foundation to increase buds and peaches .
Management measures: checking seedlings to make up for shortages; early and medium tillage, deep cultivator, and three must-dos, that is, after the rain must be smashed, the knot must be smashed, and the grass must be smashed; the seedlings should be chased; and the seedling pests should be prevented. Control method: When sowing, use carbendazim WP to cover the seeds. After the cotton seedlings are unearthed, 0.5-0.8 Bordeaux mixture is sprayed every 7-10 days, and the rooting disease can be rooted with 50% TU wettable powder. After the cotton seedlings have been unearthed, they can be sprayed with 500 times the bacteria poison as required or with 800-1000 times liquid.
Insect pests include: tigers, aphids, and red spiders.
(3) The cultivation and management bud stage at the seedling stage: cotton from the first bud to the flowering, it marks the beginning of the transition from vegetative growth to reproductive growth and vegetative growth.
1, bud stage seedlings standard: plant height one and a half feet thick dark color, purple bar to see flowers, concave top is stable (down four leaves below the growth point).
2. Cultivation points: Solve the contradictions between the two nutritional consumption centers and achieve stable growth.
3, measures: deep cultivator, root pull down, promote seedling strong, stable application of bud fertilizer, depends on the amount of seedlings, timely pruning, take off the legs, prosperous cotton field can hit the lower part of the old leaves; do a good second generation of cotton bollworm For prevention and control, individual prosperous cotton fields can be sprayed with auxin or deep scorpion control.
(D) The flowering and bolling period of the cultivation and management of flowers: from the flowering boll bolls, about 60 days. This period is the most vigorous period of cotton life. On the one hand, the long branches and long leaves are planted on high-yield shelves. On the one hand, budding, flowering, and bell-ringing are constant. This is the most intense period of internal conflicts and is therefore the key to cotton management throughout the year. period.
1, growth characteristics: This period is the period of vegetative growth and reproductive growth of cotton, which is an important period for the formation of yield, is the key to the management of cotton throughout the year, then the external conditions are high temperatures, rain, although beneficial to cotton Fast-paced, but poorly managed and prosperous. From the point of view of cotton itself, this period will not only lay a good shelf for high yields, but also allow the cotton to grow steadily, increase the rate of ringing, and reduce shedding.
2, management points: strong strains of hair, fight over the waist.
3, management measures:
1 Pre-harvest period: The management period is focused on prosperous growth and putting up high-yield shelves for the following reasons: First, after flowering, high temperatures and flood seasons, water and fertilizer warm temperatures meet, causing cotton to prosper for a period of time. Second, cotton itself is too fat. After the most prosperous growth, after the prosperous leaves increased, mutual shade, more deteriorating the field of light, a serious impact on Fuli peach; Third, most of the buds in this period is the volley flowering, is in the peak of the shedding of the bell However, competing for more buds is not as good as striving for security. Therefore, the management of this period should be controlled and prosperous.
The specific measures are: First, chase good-headed household fertilizers, so that the use of flowers and fertilizers can be used to synchronize the period of exertion of fertilizers with the peak period of bell-ringing. The second is high earth: the standard is the height of earthworms 25-30 cm, the surface of the upper tip is smooth, the slope is steep, the time can be earthed at the end of June or in early July, and the third is to do a good chemical adjustment: After the flowering, it is found that the cotton grows. The use of auxiliaries for the control should be based on the climate and the growth of the cotton at that time, with 5-8 grams per mu, plus 20-30 kilograms of water spray. This has a significant effect on controlling the growth of cotton and increasing bud protection. The weak growth of early flower growth cotton can be sprayed with high yield urea to promote growth. The fourth is the pruning of pests, the early flowers are the second generation of cotton bollworm, the harm of the prosperous period, to complete prevention and control, to minimize harm, the individual due to cotton bollworm damage caused by the early pruning of cotton, leave a bud in the upper part of the main stem For some cottons with prosperous tendencies, 2-3 old leaves and the edge of the lower fruit branch can be stamped to change the light conditions in the field and play a significant role in controlling the prolonged flowering period.
2 The post-harvest training points: Stable to seek the hair, and promote the hair to make hair quickly enough, not only to consolidate the Piao, but also to fight the basis of competing Peach. Promote fast hair, mainly due to:
The first is after the cotton is inundated. Generally, several large peaches have already settled in the lower part. The reproductive growth has been at a certain position. The probability of prosperous growth is greatly weakened, and there is no great risk of heavy fertilization.
Second, the lower part of the cotton should have a long peach, the middle part should be flowered, and the upper part must be continuously growing. This is the most period of nutrient consumption in a lifetime, and the consumption of fertilizer is equivalent to 40% of the total fertilizer consumption in the whole growth period. -50%, such a lack of fertilizer, will inevitably affect the premature aging of cotton, directly affect the autumn peach set.
The third is that this period of rapid development can be more positive buds. Most of the buds in this period were developed in mid-August. It is the best time for cotton to be a bell. The bell rate can be as high as 60%-70%. Raising buds lay a good foundation for adding more peaches. Therefore, this period of rapid development has both practical and far-reaching significance.
Management measures are:
First: Reapply flower and bell fertilizer. When the lower part of the cotton holds 2-3 large peaches, the flower and bell fertilizer should be chased once. Fertilizer should be applied to the feet of the soil. About 30 centimeters away from the cotton plant, in order to prevent the root cause of injury is best to drill deep, the fertilization has a certain commonality, whether it is normal growth, prosperous growth and lack of cotton to fertilize, flourishing cotton can be carried out after fertilization The control calls for peaches in the water and more competition for Qiu peach to make up for the output.
Second, the whole goodness: After entering the volatility, according to the growth of the cotton, the top should be played in stages in batches. The top of the top should be very strong. Eight points should be made, leaving two points of Zhang, which is to grasp the cotton growth potential. When it is going to fall but there is still more power to top. After the topping, the upper branch can be stretched to 20-30 cm. There are three fruit knots. It is better to have more than 2 cotton bolls. The method is that when the flowering node rises to the 6-7th fruit branch, the growth potential begins to decline. , Which is suitable for the top time, other pruning, such as playing the side of the heart, to empty branches, cut the old leaves, etc. can be flexible according to the growth of cotton, grow vigorously, the field can be more heavy cover. Instead, go less. Pruning can change the light in the field and promote the development of a bell.
Third, to prevent and control three generations of cotton bollworm and Fuxi.
Fourth, we should clear the ground and do a good job of flood control and prevent the normal growth of cotton.
Second, cotton fertilization (a) principles of fertilization
1, base fertilizer, early application, light to raise seedling fertilizer, stable Shi Lei fertilizer, re-apply flower bell fertilizer, make Shidingdingfei.
2. The amount of fertilizer applied to different cotton days should be determined according to the yield level and the soil fertility. Generally, 100 kg of lint are produced per mu, about 20-23 kg of nitrogen, 10-16 kg of phosphorus and 20-28 kg of potassium.
(two) fertilization technology
1, Shi foot base fertilizer. Deep plowing in time. Level land. Accompanied with the preparation of organic fertilizer kg per acre; about half a month before transplanting cotton seedlings, apply 45% per acre Shida Zhuang compound fertilizer 25-30 kg or 45% of compound fertilizer 25 kg, ammonium bicarbonate 20-25 kg.
2, Shi Ti Miao Fei. Fertilization early in the seedling stage, the amount of fertilizer should be less, and strive to stabilize early. After the basal fertilizer is used in a small amount, after easing the seedlings, 2-3 kg of urea is applied per acre.
3, Qiao Shi Lei fertilizer. To do organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer combined, bud flowers used. Struggle for more long-lasting peaches. Apply 5 kg of urea per acre.
4, Shi Hua bell fertilizer. During the flowering and boing period, we can reuse nitrogen fertilizer. Apply 45% per acre Shida Zhuang compound fertilizer 10-20 kg, urea 10-15 kg. After the topdressing, according to weather conditions and cotton growth, timely watering and chemical regulation.
5, cover top fertilizer. According to the growing trend of cotton, supplemental application of autumn peach fertilizer, the growing trend of the field is mainly foliar spray, adding a single boll weight. In the middle and late August, foliar spraying was performed with a mixture of 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1% urea. Spray 3-4 times. Interval 7-10 days at a time to prevent premature aging.
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