Sweet potato stem nematode disease, also known as "heart disease", is one of the major diseases of sweet potato. In recent years, the damage caused by sweet potato stem nematode disease has been increasing year by year. Occurrence area accounts for about 60% of the planting area. Generally, the incidence of field crops can reduce production by 30% to 50%, and serious yield loss can reach 50% to 80%, even in old wards.
The sweet potato stem nematode has strong ability to adapt to the bad environment and has high fecundity. It can be transmitted through many ways. Sweet potato seedlings and sweet potato seedlings can carry a large number of stem nematodes to disease-free areas, which is the main route of stem nematode transmission. In addition, soil, manure, running water, agricultural implements, and livestock can all be passed on.
The sweet potato stem nematode disease can be attacked at the seedling stage and stem vine growth stage. The roots of the seedling stage seedlings are affected. There are brown halo spots on the epidermis, which mainly occur in the white part of the root near the surface of the soil, and the seedlings are stunted and dwarfed by yellow. During the period, the roots became dark brown after being damaged, and the epidermis ruptured, causing the potato block to crumble and crack later.
Sweet potato production is about to enter the transplanting stage. It is a critical period for the prevention and control of sweet potato stem nematodes. It is necessary to timely prevent and control seedlings and fields.
Strengthen quarantine. The seed potatoes and seedlings will not be transferred from the ward, and on-site sampling inspections and laboratory inspections will be conducted on the transferred seed potatoes, seedlings and products.
Agricultural measures. Elimination of diseased bodies reduces the number of pathogenic nematodes; planting disease-resistant varieties, such as "sweet potato", "red heart king" and "Xu violet", are more resistant to stem nematode disease, and concurrently resistant to black spot and soft rot; Rotation and crop rotation can be used to plant crops such as winter wheat and watermelons for serious disease fields that have been planted continuously for more than three years. High-cutting seedlings are cut from the roots of potato plants by 10 to 15 centimeters to reduce the amount of nematodes carrying potato plants.
Chemical control. Before planting, the seedlings were soaked with 1.8% avermectin 500 times for 15 minutes; 4kg of water per acre was used with 35% Weike Mu, and the soil was fumigated 15 days before planting, and transplanted after two days of membrane disruption. 10% Blessing Multigranules 2.5kg/Mu, 5% Avidin Sulfate Carbofur 900g/Mu, 15% Apoisonic Chlorpyrifos 750ml/Mu or 30% Phoxim Microcapsule Suspension 2kg/Mu Soil Gully application or hole application, then transplanting hoe, watering, soil cover planting.
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