After ingesting mildew feed, pigs can cause chronic poisoning, such as: damage to important tissues and organs such as liver, kidney, and reproductive tract, affecting normal physiological functions of animals, and destroying or reducing the structure and function of the immune system and leading to immunosuppression. , Interfere with and influence the immune effects of pigs on swine fever, foot-and-mouth disease, and other important diseases, increase the chance of mixed infections or secondary infections, and may adversely affect the growth and development, production performance, immune function and food safety of animal products. The impact should cause the farmer's attention.
First, the cause
In the natural environment, there are many molds and often parasitize in feeds containing high levels of starch. If the ambient temperature is around 28°C and the relative humidity is above 80%, the feed will easily become mildewed and the mold will multiply and multiply. toxin. There are more than 100 known mycotoxins, the most common are aflatoxins, fusarium toxins, and gibberellins. In addition, brown toxin, yellow-green penicillin, and smut, ergot, rust, etc. can cause pigs. Poisoning. When poisoning, it is often difficult to determine what kind of mycotoxin poisoning is clinically, which is often the result of the synergistic effect of several mycotoxins.
Second, the clinical symptoms
1. Effect on piglets. Poisoned piglets often have acute attacks with central nervous system symptoms, head wall, and death within days. White spots on the skin of the pig's mouth, inner parts of the ears, and the skin of the abdomen. In the late period of food, abdominal pain, diarrhea or constipation, mucus mixed in the feces or blood, hair rough mess, rapid weight loss, growth retardation and so on. In clinical practice, piglets and pregnant sows are more sensitive. Pregnant sows often cause miscarriage and stillbirth.
2. Effect on sows. Sows show decline in productivity, such as long-term infertility, low conception rate, stillbirth, miscarriage, premature birth, endometritis, mastitis, and so on. In severe cases, acute poisoning symptoms occur due to a large accumulation of mycotoxin, and neurological symptoms occur, and they die within a constant time. Longer pigs have a longer course of disease, weakness in their extremities, faeces after the first dryness, severe cases with white diarrhea, interstitial neurological symptoms, and multiple deaths due to failure. According to reports, a large number of pigs at different ages in the zearalenone pig farms have clinical symptoms such as swelling and prolapse of the vulva, and miscarriage of individual pregnant sows.
Third, pathological changes
Mainly hepatic degeneration. The color of the liver became pale yellow, markedly enlarged, texture became brittle, lymph nodes edema. In the case of a longer course of disease, yellowing of the subcutaneous tissues, bleeding of the pleura, peritoneum, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract are common. The most prominent change in acute cases is severe edema of submucosal gallbladder. Mycotoxin has a wide range of effects. It not only causes extensive damage to the animal's visceral organs, but also leads to some subsequent pathological changes. It can also cause animal body immunosuppression and induce the occurrence of infectious diseases.
Fourth, prevention and control measures
When the pigs have food and mildew feed poisoning, emergency measures should be taken to quickly eliminate the poison from the diseased pigs, improve the condition of the whole body, and strengthen the understanding of the liver's functions so that the sick pigs can escape danger and minimize losses. After the onset of illness, the moldy feed should be stopped immediately, and the high quality feed should be replaced with symptomatic treatment.
1. Drug prevention and control. Take emergency measures against the clinical symptoms of poisoning. Stop suspicious feed or additives first. Use 20 to 50 grams of sodium sulphate or magnesium sulphate for internal use to excrete toxins from the gastrointestinal tract. Or take medical carbon 5 to 50 grams orally. Take salt laxatives. In order to quickly improve the general condition of sick pigs, such as convulsive injection of 30-50 mg of chlorpromazine or sedation, such as Luvna, sedation, heart failure, injection of 20 to 25 ml of Anagar or nikethamide to improve the coronary circulation, Excitement center, diarrhea caused by dehydration can rehydration.
Systemic treatment: To increase the amount of urine by diluting the toxic substances in the body, to speed up the absorption of absorbed toxic substances and to regulate the understanding of drug function. Usually, large doses of 5% to 10% glucose, normal saline, and compound normal saline are intravenously injected (20 to 25 ml/kg). In the case of intravenous injections, abdominal or subcutaneous injections are performed.
2. Feed control. (1) Control of raw materials. The moisture content of feedstuffs is generally controlled to 14% or less in feed moisture such as corn, sorghum, and cereals. The feed moisture of soybeans, bean cakes, soybean meal, wheat, sub-powder, and bran should be controlled below 13%, and rapeseed meal, cottonseeds The moisture content of cakes, peanut cakes, fish meal, meat powder and meat and bone meal should be controlled below 12%. (2) Control of the process. When producing pellet feed, the moisture and temperature during feed processing are strictly controlled, and the moisture content and temperature of the pellets meet the specified requirements. The general moisture content is below 12.5%, and the temperature can generally be 3°C~5°C higher than the room temperature. (3) Control of packaging and transportation. Pay attention to the packaging, storage and transportation of feed products. The warehouse should be ventilated, cool and dry, and there must be gaps around the feed to keep the air flowing and the relative humidity should not exceed 70%. During the storage process, pests and rat bites should also be prevented. Transport feed products should prevent rain on the way. (4) Control of anti-mold agents. Commonly used anti-mold agents are organic acids or their salts, such as propionic acid, sorbic acid, benzoic acid, acetic acid and their salts. Among them, propionic acid, sodium propionate and calcium propionate are the most widely used. Propionic acid and its salts: This type of anti-mold agent is the most commonly used, is an acid anti-mold agent, it has a strong antibacterial effect on mold, the amount of feed in the feed is generally about 0.3%. Fumaric acid and its lipids: This fungicide has the best anti-mildew effect and is stronger than other anti-fungal agents in terms of antibacterial activity. The amount added in feed is generally about 0.05%. At present, the use of a compound acid to inhibit molds.
At present, the key to prevention and control of mold and mycotoxin hazards is to do a good job in the two aspects of anti-mildew and detoxification of feed. Especially in large-scale breeding farms, anti-mildew preparations should be added over a long period of time. Once symptoms are discovered, they must be treated symptomatically.
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