People's Daily Online, Beijing, June 29 (Reporter Ma Li) In June, the "Scientific Words List" was released today.
“Monthly Scientific Myths†is jointly released by the Beijing Science and Technology Association, the Beijing Regional Website Joint Publishing Platform, and the Beijing Science and Technology Press Editors’ Association, and has received the Scientific Communication Professional Committee of the China Popular Science Writers Association, the Society of China Editorial Editor of the China Evening News and the Shanghai Science and Technology Communication Association. support.
1, vegetarian will not get cardiovascular disease?
gossip:
Recently, an article on the Internet titled "39 CardioPulmonary Collectives! They Said: Exposure to Excessive Patients, Long Lessons" has aroused widespread concern. In the article, a reporter interviewed the Department of Cardiology at the Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, and saw that the cardiologist's lunch was basically vegan, because eating meat causes cardiovascular disease and obesity, and it also increases the risk of death.
the truth:
Diabetes and hypertension, which are directly linked to dietary eutrophication, can cause a series of cardiovascular problems. There is no doubt about this. (There are a number of studies that have shown that vegetarians are at a lower risk of developing hypertension and coronary heart disease than those who work with meat or meat.) But is it possible to prevent cardiovascular disease by using vegetarianism? So far, no research has proven this.
People with cardiovascular diseases are often not caused by a certain lifestyle habit, such as eating meat, eggs, etc., but are the overall imbalances caused by wrong living habits. If the food mix in the daily diet is unreasonable, even Do not eat meat may also be sick. For example, a monk does not eat meat, but a fat monk is not uncommon, and not all monks can prevent cardiovascular disease. Because although they do not eat meat, they do not mean that they do not consume high-fat, high-protein foods such as nuts, fried foods, sweet drinks, and potato chips. Therefore, the dietary structure is the key.
2, fishbone card throat, these "remedies" and "small tips" fly it?
gossip:
Recently, an article entitled “Saving the first-aid method for saving 1 million fishbone sticks and throats†has been circulated on the WeChat circle of friends. The methods mentioned include shotbacks, vinegar, eating in large mouths, reaching out, sneezing, etc. Are all kinds of remedies and "scientific" methods reliable?
the truth:
Fishbone card after the throat to swallow large mouth or rice dumplings there is a certain degree of danger, the throat esophagus is more flexible, with a ball of fish on the sharp fishbone squeeze, just like nails, will squeeze the fishbone deeper and deeper, piercing the mucous membrane; with finger stimulation The vomiting caused by the back of the pharynx is a first aid method. However, the squid can easily invade the mucous membranes and cause negative effects such as aggravating pain. If the spurs penetrate deeper, coughing and coughing usually do not help, because the fishbone is small, the area of ​​stress is also small, and the coughing impact airflow is difficult to cough the fishbone. Vinegar does achieve the goal of softening the fishbone in a certain environment, but it takes a long process. When the fishbone gets a vinegar, the vinegar stays in the throat for only a few seconds and enters the stomach. It cannot stay in the bone. Stay in place to achieve a softening effect.
The situation of fishbone card throat is different, and the treatment methods cannot be generalized. The first-aid methods relying on network transmission not only cannot save lives, and may delay the illness and increase the difficulty of treatment. The correct method is to stop eating immediately and minimize swallowing. The tongue depressor (chopsticks and toothbrushes available at home) is placed on the front 2/3 of the tongue and gently pressed to observe the entire oropharynx. If you see a fishbone, the puncture is not big, the puncture is not deep, and you can use it slightly longer. Hold the forceps or chopsticks and gently pull it out; if the fishbone is deep, large, or you cannot see the fishbone, seek medical attention.
3. Will Husuxiangzhengqi and cephalosporins be taken together and immediately die?
gossip:
Recently, it has been reported on the Internet that if Huoxiangzhengqi water and cephalosporin drugs are taken together, they will be highly toxic and even die immediately. is this real?
the truth:
Strictly speaking this news is not accurate. The Huoxiangzhengqi that we take is often used for fever, chest tightness, abdominal distension, vomiting and diarrhea caused by exogenous Shushi, and usually contains 40% to 50% alcohol (ethanol). Taking together with cephalosporins may produce disulfiram-like reactions.
The reason for the disulfiram-like reaction is that the conversion of acetaldehyde in the metabolism of ethanol is affected, resulting in an increase in the concentration of acetaldehyde in the blood and the corresponding symptoms. This inhibitory effect is related to the chemical molecular structure of disulfiram. Therefore, drugs containing thiomethyltetrazole side chains in the molecule can all cause disulfiram-like reactions, such as cefmetazole. The harm mentioned in the rumors is not completely false.
However, there are many cephalosporins, and not all cephalosporins and alcohols produce disulfiram-like reactions. Only cephalosporins containing thiomethyltetrazole groups have disulfiram-like reactions. Such as cefoperazone, cephalosporin, cefotiam, cephalisin, cefotetan, cefmenoxime, cefazolin, cephradine and so on.
Once a disulfiram-like reaction occurs, the products containing ethanol should be discontinued and discontinued promptly. Oxygen absorption and bed rest should be provided. The lighter person can relieve himself. The heavier person should receive oxygen and symptomatic treatment, and perform necessary auxiliary examination; intravenous injection and Instillation of naloxone 0.4 mg ~ 0.8 mg can antagonize the effect of ethanol. If there are serious complications, active and effective rescue should be given to prevent more severe consequences from disulfiram-like reactions.
4. Is food labeled "children" healthier than other foods?
gossip:
Infants and children are at an important stage of growth and development and require special attention and care from parents. In life, parents often hear all kinds of arguments. Many people believe that foods labeled "children" are healthier than other foods.
the truth:
Fan Zhihong, a doctoral student at the Food College of China Agricultural University, said that China currently has no special "children's food" standard for children over 2 years of age. "Children's food" is only a concept created by the company itself. Compared with other similar products, it usually has only appearance and volume. The difference. For example, the difference between children's milk and pure milk is added sugar or honey, sweeter, higher heat, smaller packaging. Parents do not need to be particularly attracted to the word "children". The specific differences are to look carefully at the ingredient list and nutritional composition table on the package.
For example, Fan Zhihong said that the carbs content of a child's yoghurt is 13.5%, and most of the yoghurt's carbohydrate content is 11% to 12%, which means that the product has added more sugar. Looking at the list of ingredients can also be found in pure milk is not sugar and honey, and children's milk on the ingredients list if there is honey and other sweet ingredients, it shows that it is to attract children with sweet taste. In fact, children's concept foods tend to add tastes that suit children's taste preferences, but increasing their appetite through seasoning will only make their children more dependent on flavoring. Fan Zhihong believes that if you take a diet with heavier intake from your childhood, you often have difficulty controlling the demand for salt when you grow up and increase the risk of illness.
Experts believe that children's concept foods should be scrutinized, and marketing Shantou is not good for children's health. Liu Li, director of the Beijing Children's Hospital Health Center, said that children's concept foods should have national standards, and their additives, shelf life and other requirements should be more stringent, and there is a special supervision and inspection agency.
5, eating popsicles cause stomach bleeding?
gossip:
Recently, the media reported that a 7-year-old boy in Anhui Province, Lele, even ate three popsicles and caused vomiting, causing anxiety and fear among parents. Eating popsicles causes massive bleeding of the stomach.
the truth:
Eat ice lolly to cause vomiting blood? First of all, a brief review of what happened: The seven-year-old boy, after playing with his companions, had eaten three popsicles within one hour. He began to feel stomachache soon after eating, and he quickly began to vomit a lot of vomiting blood. The local hospital failed to control the condition and transferred to Anhui Children's Hospital. After a large number of continuous blood transfusions, drugs, and gastroscopy failed to stop the bleeding, emergency surgery was eventually performed. It was found by surgery that the duodenum had a giant ulcer with a diameter of 1 cm and a depth of 0.4 cm, with a rupture of the posterior bulbar artery of the ulcer and jet spray.
The cause of the child’s vomiting has been confirmed by surgery. It is a duodenal ulcer and arterial bleeding. This localized ulcer was originally present rather than acute (widely) gastric mucosal erosion caused by certain stressful events. That is to say, the PICU doctor said in the report that "(after eating ice lolly) is too ice. Then it causes mucosal acute erosion, ulcer bleeding" is wrong. Due to the bleeding causes of boys in the news, it has been confirmed by surgery that bleeding from arterial rupture caused by erosion of localized duodenal ulcers is not an acute stress ulcer. Therefore, it can be judged that the duodenal ulcer in children already exists, but it has been misdiagnosed. Bleeding, however, happens to happen after eating the ice lolly, and the two do not constitute a causal relationship. To put it another way, even if the child is suffering from stress ulcer bleeding, eating a few popsicles obviously does not constitute a major emergency, and certainly not the cause of stress ulcers. Therefore, the doctor and the news headline said that it was wrong to “eat three icing sticks and cause vomiting bloodâ€.
6, enzyme can really lose weight, anti-cancer, anti-aging?
gossip:
All along, there are various magical statements about the weight loss function of enzymes, and Baidu's “Enzymes†can be used to discover that this product has a lot of effects. It is simply not human: it can not only reduce beauty, but also “anti-aging†and “anti-cancer "A variety of functions are available," and the "Honor of the WHO", "Nobel Prize Winners", and "The Anti-Age Revolution that is becoming popular all over the world" are even dazzling.
the truth:
The word "enzyme" comes from Japanese and is actually an enzyme in a foreign vest. There are more than 700 types of enzymes found in the human body. Generally, they can be synthesized by themselves and do not require additional supplements. Even if it needs to be supplemented, it cannot be taken orally. The propaganda of the business is true, but they will not tell you that oral enzymes are not used at all. For example, SOD (superoxide dismutase) is one of the most important enzymes in the human body, and it is also the main product of enzyme businesses. However, through comparative experiments, it can be found that the SOD activity unit in the enzyme product is not as good as lettuce and tomato of equal quality. Therefore, if you spend a lot of money on conceptual products, you might as well go to the vegetable market to buy two pounds of tomatoes. Enzymes are protein in nature, and they usually need to be activated under specific conditions such as temperature and pH. Enzymes, when they pass through the digestive tract, will experience digestive fluids such as gastric juice and bile, and thus they will denature or be decomposed, failing to exert their physiological activities. And most of the enzymes need to play a role in cells or between cells. It is more difficult to enter the cells through the enzymes that the digestive tract takes. Therefore, it is hoped that the various effects achieved through oral enzymes can only be good wishes.
7, organic milk is usually more expensive than ordinary milk, organic milk is really more nutritious?
gossip:
Many businesses advertise when they advertise, claiming that organic foods are healthier and more nutritious, allowing consumers to blindly consume dairy products.
the truth:
The certification of organic milk generally focuses on its natural growth environment and feeding methods. The feed fed with organic milk is natural pasture, and the feed used by ordinary dairy cows is based on the nutritional needs of dairy cows to adjust and balance the different feeds. From the comparison of nutritional ingredients, organic milk and other milk contained no significant differences in the nutrients such as fat, protein, and vitamins.
(The above content is selected from the People's Daily, Science and Technology Weekly, The Five-gram Music, Beijing Evening News, Health News, Health Times, "Shanghai Internet Development", Tencent "Comparision", Science Park and other media.)
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