Poplar bacterial ulcer disease (Aplanobacterium populi Ride) is a world-famous poplar trunk disease and it is China's foreign quarantine object. Since the discovery of the bacterial canker disease of poplar caused by the Er-winia genus in Jidong Province in China in 1982, many scholars have studied the disease's condition and etiology, and initially determined the bacterial ulcer of poplar in Northeast China. The disease was caused by ice nucleation bacteria such as Erwiniahebicola (Lohnis) Dye, Pseudomonas syringae Sabet. Poplar bacterial canker disease is mainly distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning provinces in China and has become a major disease in Northeast China. The disease is a symptom of swollen-stem-type bacterial canker. The damage is particularly serious. Most poplar species are often severely affected in areas or years where environmental conditions are poor and cultivation measures are unfavorable.
Symptoms: From early spring to early summer, small, proliferative tumors develop on young shoots, and the phloem and xylem of the tumor discolour. With the expansion of the discoloration area and the continuous increase of the tumor, the brown mucus is escaping during the summer due to cracking and odor. As the disease progressed to the later stage, the tumors continued to form and the wounds continued to expand without healing, resulting in the proliferation of spindle-shaped tumors or long cylindrical tumors. The discolored area of ​​the xylem extends from the ulcer site to the upper and the lower two directions. If the disease is serious, it goes up to the branch and goes down to the root. The wood is discolored and the center rots.
Pathogen: The dominant pathogenic species is Pantoea agglomerans Gavini et al. = Erwinia herbicola (Lohnis) Dye. It is a member of the Pantoea genus.
The law of onset: The pathogenic bacteria latently overwintered in the lesions of the diseased plant for many years. In the wet and rainy spring of the second year, the germs began to move, and bacterial mucus spread out from the cracks. Bacteria spread by means of rain, wind, insects and human activities. From the host skin pores, leaf marks, stipule marks, bud scale marks and various wound invasion, ulcer spots are formed around the invading points. Initially as a hidden ulcer, there is an opening or perennial ulcer. The mucus produced by the disease poplar is an important source of infection. According to domestic reports, about 10% of the strains isolated from poplars have a lot of bacteria, such as Pseudomonas syringae and Erwinia herbicola. According to preliminary studies, ice nucleation active bacteria present in poplars play an important role in causing poplar frostbite and inducing cadaveric ulcer disease. Soil viscosity, low waterlogging, and poor management all contribute to the occurrence of disease. Tree disease resistance is a key factor affecting the occurrence of ulcer disease. The susceptible cultivars included balsam poplar, Populus trichocarpa, and Xinjiang poplar. American poplars were all highly susceptible, while late flowering poplars, healthy poplars, and I-214 poplars were resistant to disease. In summary, poplar bacterial canker disease is a host-dominant disease, and it is also an ecological disease. Poplar ice-nuclear active bacteria are saprophytic and weakly parasitic. They are widely found in nature and can be lurking on the host body for a long time. The susceptible poplar varieties and strains can cause freezing damage to poplars in spring and autumn frost conditions, and cause swollen stem-shaped bacterial canker disease, which is the leading factor in the pathogenesis. The damaged skin of the poplars turns brown and necrotic, with hyperplasia of wood and formation of tumors. In severe cases, the trees are deformed and the trees die.
Prevention: 1 strict quarantine, prohibited diseased seedlings, cuttings transport, disinfection of suspicious seedlings, cuttings. For the introduction of seedlings, cuttings and other vegetative propagation materials, we must first isolate the test species and prove that they are not disease-free and then plant them. 2 Use disease-resistant varieties instead of susceptible varieties to prevent bacterial canker disease. 3 The diseased plants were found to be cleared and burned in time. 4 Streptomycin 600μg/g antifreeze protection agent was sprayed 10 times in early spring and late fall seasons, which has a certain control effect on the disease.
Symptoms: From early spring to early summer, small, proliferative tumors develop on young shoots, and the phloem and xylem of the tumor discolour. With the expansion of the discoloration area and the continuous increase of the tumor, the brown mucus is escaping during the summer due to cracking and odor. As the disease progressed to the later stage, the tumors continued to form and the wounds continued to expand without healing, resulting in the proliferation of spindle-shaped tumors or long cylindrical tumors. The discolored area of ​​the xylem extends from the ulcer site to the upper and the lower two directions. If the disease is serious, it goes up to the branch and goes down to the root. The wood is discolored and the center rots.
Pathogen: The dominant pathogenic species is Pantoea agglomerans Gavini et al. = Erwinia herbicola (Lohnis) Dye. It is a member of the Pantoea genus.
The law of onset: The pathogenic bacteria latently overwintered in the lesions of the diseased plant for many years. In the wet and rainy spring of the second year, the germs began to move, and bacterial mucus spread out from the cracks. Bacteria spread by means of rain, wind, insects and human activities. From the host skin pores, leaf marks, stipule marks, bud scale marks and various wound invasion, ulcer spots are formed around the invading points. Initially as a hidden ulcer, there is an opening or perennial ulcer. The mucus produced by the disease poplar is an important source of infection. According to domestic reports, about 10% of the strains isolated from poplars have a lot of bacteria, such as Pseudomonas syringae and Erwinia herbicola. According to preliminary studies, ice nucleation active bacteria present in poplars play an important role in causing poplar frostbite and inducing cadaveric ulcer disease. Soil viscosity, low waterlogging, and poor management all contribute to the occurrence of disease. Tree disease resistance is a key factor affecting the occurrence of ulcer disease. The susceptible cultivars included balsam poplar, Populus trichocarpa, and Xinjiang poplar. American poplars were all highly susceptible, while late flowering poplars, healthy poplars, and I-214 poplars were resistant to disease. In summary, poplar bacterial canker disease is a host-dominant disease, and it is also an ecological disease. Poplar ice-nuclear active bacteria are saprophytic and weakly parasitic. They are widely found in nature and can be lurking on the host body for a long time. The susceptible poplar varieties and strains can cause freezing damage to poplars in spring and autumn frost conditions, and cause swollen stem-shaped bacterial canker disease, which is the leading factor in the pathogenesis. The damaged skin of the poplars turns brown and necrotic, with hyperplasia of wood and formation of tumors. In severe cases, the trees are deformed and the trees die.
Prevention: 1 strict quarantine, prohibited diseased seedlings, cuttings transport, disinfection of suspicious seedlings, cuttings. For the introduction of seedlings, cuttings and other vegetative propagation materials, we must first isolate the test species and prove that they are not disease-free and then plant them. 2 Use disease-resistant varieties instead of susceptible varieties to prevent bacterial canker disease. 3 The diseased plants were found to be cleared and burned in time. 4 Streptomycin 600μg/g antifreeze protection agent was sprayed 10 times in early spring and late fall seasons, which has a certain control effect on the disease.
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