Chiloscyllium plagiosttm is commonly known as dog shark and canine shark. It is a genus of cartilaginous fish, shark head, shark head, and shark genus. It is common in the South China Sea and southern part of the East China Sea. It is a typical carnivorous cartilaginous fish in the South China Sea. First, it is also the smaller warm water species of sharks. The striped-spotted shark muscle has high protein content, has both food value and medicinal value, is one of the ornamental fishes, and has a high market value. It is a new breed of marine fish culture worthy of development. The Zhanjiang Aquatic Technology Extension Center of Guangdong Province cooperated with Zhanjiang Donghai Nanda Aquaculture Co., Ltd. to acquire the natural striped bamboo shark as a broodstock, carried out artificial breeding and breeding experiments, successfully hatched seedlings and cultured in shrimp culture ponds. The artificial breeding techniques are summarized as follows:
First, the broodstock source to buy a healthy, strong vitality, growth performance and fullness, with typical biological characteristics, surface integrity, bright color, disease-free without injury of the natural striped bamboo shark a total of 80 as a broodstock, Among them, there are 50 females and 30 males, with an average body length of 74 cm and an average weight of 2.2 kg.
Second, site conditions Zhanjiang City, Nanda Culture Co., Ltd. Shunda shrimp seedling farm nursery workshop rectangular cement pool (4m5m1.6m), outdoor cement pool and aquaculture ponds. Equipped with electricity, heating, oxygen, inlet and drainage systems, water pipes, mesh and other equipment. The food organisms are oysters, sandworms, crabs, small junk fish, and squid. Drugs include potassium permanganate, povidone iodine, bleach and so on.
For cement tanks, use hydrochloric acid (diluted to 5% concentration) to clean the tank wall, bottom of the tank, heating facilities, and aeration equipment, and then rinse with clean water. For hatchery tanks, use potassium permanganate first. Thoroughly disinfect 250ppm and rinse with clean water. The stripy bamboo sharks have a habit of hiding, so in the broodstock breeding ponds and nursery ponds, certain water pipes, crocks, etc. need to be placed for broodstock and juvenile fish to hide and inhabit.
The water source is fresh filtered seawater with a specific gravity of more than 1.016 and a pH of about 8.4. Water for breeding and breeding is first disinfected with bleaching powder. When used, the content of available chlorine is 0.5 ppm or more. It is used after 24 hours of aeration treatment, and then EDTA-2Na salt is added at 4 ppm to 6 ppm to complex heavy metal elements.
Third, broodstock breeding
1. After the raised broodstock is bought back, the broodstock must be reared before breeding. Clean 4 cement pools and place certain water pipes in the pool. Disinfect the 80 broodstocks with potassium permanganate 150ppm for 3 minutes to 5 minutes and divide them into 4 groups for stocking. According to the feeding situation of the broodstock, the feeding amount is usually 2% to 6% of the body weight. One feeding a day, feeding more and feeding more, less feeding and less feeding, in order to facilitate the accumulation of fat and gonad development in broodstock. Use Povidone Iodine 5ppm weekly to disinfect the water in the pool; add a variety of vitamins and active beneficial microorganism preparations in the feed; absorb the dirt in the holding tank every day and change the water every 2 days to 3 days according to the water quality.
2. Intensify the cultivation period until the broodstock resume normal feeding. After one week, the constitution is getting stronger, and it can be reasonably matched to the broodstock pool for intensive cultivation. The broodstock can be reared in 3 pools at a ratio of 5:3 for males and females, and a number of plastic tubes and other debris can be placed in each pond for broodstock habitat and concealment. The daily feeding amount is 2% to 6% of the total weight of the broodstock, and the treated oysters, squid, sandworms, crab meat, small junk fish, quail, etc. are fed once a day, eat more and more, and eat less. Feed less. To ensure that the water quality is fresh and the environment is comfortable, it is necessary to constantly absorb the dirt. Normally the water is changed from 2 days to 3 days, and the amount of water to be changed depends on the actual situation. Avoid strong light, keep the brooder pool quiet and prevent broodstock from being frightened. The control water temperature is in the range of 27°C to 31°C. Inflation is a necessary condition for ensuring that the pool water has sufficient dissolved oxygen, so as to give the broodstock a better living environment, generally ensuring that the dissolved oxygen content in the pool water is above 5 mg/L. In the intensive breeding process of broodstock, disease prevention and control should always implement the principle of “prevention first, prevention and control combinedâ€, and regularly select fishery drugs with good effect, no drug residues, and environmental protection, such as complex iodine preparations and microbial preparations. Suppresses the growth of bacteria and fungi, maintains the stability of pool water for beneficial micro-ecosystems, and adds various vitamins to feed to enhance the broodstock constitution.
Fourth, artificial breeding
1. The mating and spawning controls the environmental factors such as light, water temperature, salinity, and water quality, and is accompanied by high-quality feed. Under artificial induction, broodstock begin natural mating within 30 days of intensified cultivation, and the mating activity is generally performed at about 9:00 pm . In a quiet environment, the male and female individuals play with each other, and the male individual actively mate with the female individual in various positions. Water pipes, nets, and other debris (attached to fertilized eggs) should be installed in the spawning pool. There is a special structure between the front and rear fallopian tubes: the ovary sheath gland, where the egg is wrapped with a tough ovum sheath. This should be a stripe spotted shark that prevents its eggs from being swallowed by other organisms during long incubations. The resulting protection measures for future generations. Eggs in the egg sheath gland are not immediately discharged, but accumulate in the fallopian tube. During this process, the broodstock's abdomen slowly expands. Therefore, it is easy to distinguish which broodstock will lay eggs. Move the broodstock to the spawning pool and prepare for the production. In the case of artificial induction, supplemented with external non-biological environment such as illumination, water temperature, water flow, etc., the brood will lay the eggs in the prepared water pipe and mesh. And other attachments. The eggs of the striped squid shark are so large that they are so large that sprinting and jumping of broodstock often occur during spawning.
2. Eggs produced by hatching broodstock should be collected immediately using mesh, to avoid the destruction of other aggressive broodstock during spawning. The collected eggs were hatched in another specialized hatchery. In the hatching pool, a certain mesh should be set up. The collected eggs are placed on the mesh or adhered to objects such as inflatable tubes. The density of fertilized eggs is 30 grains/m2 to 50 grains/m2.
In daily management, it is necessary to start airway inflation to ensure the dissolved oxygen is above 5mg/L; to maintain the microfluidic state and change the water in small quantities, changing water 1/3 to 1/5 each time, changing the water 2 times to 3 times a day to prevent The water quality deteriorates; the fertilized eggs are often flipped and the state of the fertilized eggs is checked to prevent mildew; the water temperature is controlled in the range of 27°C to 31°C.
The hatching time of fertilized egg hatchlings is very long. Under the condition of fresh water and suitable water temperature, larvae will hatch from the egg sheath one after another for more than 30 days. After birth, the larvae still have large pieces of yolk connected together, and the total length is about 11cm～ 15cm. The larvae have different time for sheathing. The shortest time is more than 30 days and the longest is more than 60 days. At this time, certain biological feeds need to be fed as open bait.
Fifth, seedlings and culturing newly hatched larvae can swim freely in the water. The head and neck are hung with large pieces of yolk. The yolk is slightly light yellow, round or oval, and the volume is about 1.8cm to 2.5cm. The newly hatched larvae show strong maternal genetic characteristics, and their body color and pattern are very similar to the broodstock. Basically, they can recognize parent-child relationships. The newly hatched larvae already have feeding capacity.
1. The hatching time of the larvae is not uniform. If waiting for the mass production and then cultivating the other pool, it is obviously unfavorable for the growth and development of larvae. Therefore, the larvae after the sheathing can be transferred to the nursery pond. Breeding, which results in a large difference in the size of the larvae in the same nursery pond, also adds to the troubles of farming. According to the batch and the fry's birth time, it is generally determined to be cultivated in the same pond. Generally, about 80 to 120 larvae per pool are stopped, and the water depth is kept about 50cm.
2. Feed During the breeding process, the feeds fed are biological bait and treated squid, sand coccus, crab meat, small junk fish, and oysters. Since the hatching time of the fish in the same pond sometimes differs by more than a month and the size is not equal, special attention should be paid to the use of various food organisms during feeding. Basically, all kinds of food organisms should be fed in the first 1.5 months to ensure the larvae in various stages. Nutritional needs.
3. Manage the nursery water after secondary filtration, specific gravity 1.016 ~ 1.022, pH 8.0 ~ 8.4, water temperature controlled at 27 °C ~ 31 °C, dissolved oxygen 5mg / L or more. Inflate in time, often absorb the dirt, change the water 2 days to 3 days, to ensure that the water is fresh. Regular use of complexed iodine preparations, microbial preparations, etc. for disease prevention, feeding a variety of vitamins in the feed.
Sixth, adult fish breeding
1. Pond clearing Thoroughly clearing the pond can create suitable environmental conditions for the fry, which is an important measure to improve the growth rate and survival rate of the fry. After dredging the dry ponds for the last time, dredging and repairing were done. After drying for several days, clear lime was disinfected with quick-lime 100kg/mu, and certain water pipes, crocks, etc. were placed in the pond for the young fish to hide and inhabit.
2. After clearing the pond with water, the filtered seawater is injected 5 to 7 days before the fry is released, fertilizes, provides a nutrient basis for the proliferation of various algae, and maintains the stability of the water quality.
3. Fish fry stocking Select individual juvenile fish with large, vigorous and non-damaging stocks in stocking ponds for stocking, and put them into ponds in 3 batches. The first batch of stocking time was August 20, 2004. The average length of the fry was 18.5 cm, the average weight was 52.1 g, and the number was 108. The second batch of stocking time was October 15, 2004. The average length of fry was 19.6 cm. Weight 75.8g, the number of 106; the third batch of stocking time was November 1, 2004, the average length of fish fry 31.0cm, average weight 120.0g, the number of 97. After juvenile rearing, juveniles were fed at a total weight of 5%, and they were fed with processed cod, sandworm, crab meat, small junk fish, clams, and small-sized South American white prawn, and fed according to actual food intake. 1 meal on the 1st, pay attention to timing, fixed point.
4. Day-to-day management One aerator is installed in the pond, which is opened every day at noon for 1 hour. During the night, the opening time is 1 hour to 2 hours depending on the specific conditions to ensure that the dissolved oxygen in the pool water is above 5mg/L. One hour after the feed was fed, the food intake was checked and the food was eaten within 1.5 hours. The uneaten feed was sucked out with a siphon so as not to pollute the pool water. Daily detection of ammonia, nitrite, H2S, dissolved oxygen, etc., in the pool water, in order to grasp the changes in water quality, and make timely treatment. According to the need to add water or change the water, regularly add beneficial microbial agents such as photosynthetic bacteria, etc., to ensure the stable balance of the pond micro-ecosystem. The prevention and control of diseases is mainly prevention and prevention and control. When adding microorganisms to regulate water quality, the pool water can be disinfected with high-efficiency and low-toxicity complex iodine preparations as required.
VII. Breeding results The broodstock produced 6 batches of eggs and obtained 750 fertilized eggs. 650 hatched larvae, the hatching rate of 86%. After scavenging, the larvae grew well in shrimp rearing ponds after being marked (interimated). The first batch of striped bamboo sharks were put into shrimp ponds for a period of about 6 months and the average body length was 45 cm, and the average weight was 530 g.
VIII. Analysis and discussion
1. The natural striped-striped bamboo sharks that are harvested are placed in small bodies of water and artificially fortified to allow them to reach sexual maturity and serve as breeding parents.
2. The hatched fish fry can be cultured in a large area of ​​shrimp ponds without any disease or death. The survival rate of the culture is high. During the aquaculture process, except for a small amount of water change and the addition of photosynthetic bacteria to maintain the water balance, there was almost no use of drugs, and the quality of cultured commercial fish was high. The promotion of breeding of this species in coastal areas, especially in shrimp ponds, can optimize aquaculture structures and will be another good breeding species, which is worth further large-scale testing and promotion.
3. Because the shark's medicinal value and food value are both very impressive, it increases the fishing power of marine natural sharks and makes the limited natural resources increasingly depleted. After artificial breeding, a large number of markets can be supplied, which will certainly reduce the consumption of natural sharks, which has important practical significance for the protection of marine fishery resources.
First, the broodstock source to buy a healthy, strong vitality, growth performance and fullness, with typical biological characteristics, surface integrity, bright color, disease-free without injury of the natural striped bamboo shark a total of 80 as a broodstock, Among them, there are 50 females and 30 males, with an average body length of 74 cm and an average weight of 2.2 kg.
Second, site conditions Zhanjiang City, Nanda Culture Co., Ltd. Shunda shrimp seedling farm nursery workshop rectangular cement pool (4m5m1.6m), outdoor cement pool and aquaculture ponds. Equipped with electricity, heating, oxygen, inlet and drainage systems, water pipes, mesh and other equipment. The food organisms are oysters, sandworms, crabs, small junk fish, and squid. Drugs include potassium permanganate, povidone iodine, bleach and so on.
For cement tanks, use hydrochloric acid (diluted to 5% concentration) to clean the tank wall, bottom of the tank, heating facilities, and aeration equipment, and then rinse with clean water. For hatchery tanks, use potassium permanganate first. Thoroughly disinfect 250ppm and rinse with clean water. The stripy bamboo sharks have a habit of hiding, so in the broodstock breeding ponds and nursery ponds, certain water pipes, crocks, etc. need to be placed for broodstock and juvenile fish to hide and inhabit.
The water source is fresh filtered seawater with a specific gravity of more than 1.016 and a pH of about 8.4. Water for breeding and breeding is first disinfected with bleaching powder. When used, the content of available chlorine is 0.5 ppm or more. It is used after 24 hours of aeration treatment, and then EDTA-2Na salt is added at 4 ppm to 6 ppm to complex heavy metal elements.
Third, broodstock breeding
1. After the raised broodstock is bought back, the broodstock must be reared before breeding. Clean 4 cement pools and place certain water pipes in the pool. Disinfect the 80 broodstocks with potassium permanganate 150ppm for 3 minutes to 5 minutes and divide them into 4 groups for stocking. According to the feeding situation of the broodstock, the feeding amount is usually 2% to 6% of the body weight. One feeding a day, feeding more and feeding more, less feeding and less feeding, in order to facilitate the accumulation of fat and gonad development in broodstock. Use Povidone Iodine 5ppm weekly to disinfect the water in the pool; add a variety of vitamins and active beneficial microorganism preparations in the feed; absorb the dirt in the holding tank every day and change the water every 2 days to 3 days according to the water quality.
2. Intensify the cultivation period until the broodstock resume normal feeding. After one week, the constitution is getting stronger, and it can be reasonably matched to the broodstock pool for intensive cultivation. The broodstock can be reared in 3 pools at a ratio of 5:3 for males and females, and a number of plastic tubes and other debris can be placed in each pond for broodstock habitat and concealment. The daily feeding amount is 2% to 6% of the total weight of the broodstock, and the treated oysters, squid, sandworms, crab meat, small junk fish, quail, etc. are fed once a day, eat more and more, and eat less. Feed less. To ensure that the water quality is fresh and the environment is comfortable, it is necessary to constantly absorb the dirt. Normally the water is changed from 2 days to 3 days, and the amount of water to be changed depends on the actual situation. Avoid strong light, keep the brooder pool quiet and prevent broodstock from being frightened. The control water temperature is in the range of 27°C to 31°C. Inflation is a necessary condition for ensuring that the pool water has sufficient dissolved oxygen, so as to give the broodstock a better living environment, generally ensuring that the dissolved oxygen content in the pool water is above 5 mg/L. In the intensive breeding process of broodstock, disease prevention and control should always implement the principle of “prevention first, prevention and control combinedâ€, and regularly select fishery drugs with good effect, no drug residues, and environmental protection, such as complex iodine preparations and microbial preparations. Suppresses the growth of bacteria and fungi, maintains the stability of pool water for beneficial micro-ecosystems, and adds various vitamins to feed to enhance the broodstock constitution.
Fourth, artificial breeding
1. The mating and spawning controls the environmental factors such as light, water temperature, salinity, and water quality, and is accompanied by high-quality feed. Under artificial induction, broodstock begin natural mating within 30 days of intensified cultivation, and the mating activity is generally performed at about 9:00 pm . In a quiet environment, the male and female individuals play with each other, and the male individual actively mate with the female individual in various positions. Water pipes, nets, and other debris (attached to fertilized eggs) should be installed in the spawning pool. There is a special structure between the front and rear fallopian tubes: the ovary sheath gland, where the egg is wrapped with a tough ovum sheath. This should be a stripe spotted shark that prevents its eggs from being swallowed by other organisms during long incubations. The resulting protection measures for future generations. Eggs in the egg sheath gland are not immediately discharged, but accumulate in the fallopian tube. During this process, the broodstock's abdomen slowly expands. Therefore, it is easy to distinguish which broodstock will lay eggs. Move the broodstock to the spawning pool and prepare for the production. In the case of artificial induction, supplemented with external non-biological environment such as illumination, water temperature, water flow, etc., the brood will lay the eggs in the prepared water pipe and mesh. And other attachments. The eggs of the striped squid shark are so large that they are so large that sprinting and jumping of broodstock often occur during spawning.
2. Eggs produced by hatching broodstock should be collected immediately using mesh, to avoid the destruction of other aggressive broodstock during spawning. The collected eggs were hatched in another specialized hatchery. In the hatching pool, a certain mesh should be set up. The collected eggs are placed on the mesh or adhered to objects such as inflatable tubes. The density of fertilized eggs is 30 grains/m2 to 50 grains/m2.
In daily management, it is necessary to start airway inflation to ensure the dissolved oxygen is above 5mg/L; to maintain the microfluidic state and change the water in small quantities, changing water 1/3 to 1/5 each time, changing the water 2 times to 3 times a day to prevent The water quality deteriorates; the fertilized eggs are often flipped and the state of the fertilized eggs is checked to prevent mildew; the water temperature is controlled in the range of 27°C to 31°C.
The hatching time of fertilized egg hatchlings is very long. Under the condition of fresh water and suitable water temperature, larvae will hatch from the egg sheath one after another for more than 30 days. After birth, the larvae still have large pieces of yolk connected together, and the total length is about 11cm～ 15cm. The larvae have different time for sheathing. The shortest time is more than 30 days and the longest is more than 60 days. At this time, certain biological feeds need to be fed as open bait.
Fifth, seedlings and culturing newly hatched larvae can swim freely in the water. The head and neck are hung with large pieces of yolk. The yolk is slightly light yellow, round or oval, and the volume is about 1.8cm to 2.5cm. The newly hatched larvae show strong maternal genetic characteristics, and their body color and pattern are very similar to the broodstock. Basically, they can recognize parent-child relationships. The newly hatched larvae already have feeding capacity.
1. The hatching time of the larvae is not uniform. If waiting for the mass production and then cultivating the other pool, it is obviously unfavorable for the growth and development of larvae. Therefore, the larvae after the sheathing can be transferred to the nursery pond. Breeding, which results in a large difference in the size of the larvae in the same nursery pond, also adds to the troubles of farming. According to the batch and the fry's birth time, it is generally determined to be cultivated in the same pond. Generally, about 80 to 120 larvae per pool are stopped, and the water depth is kept about 50cm.
2. Feed During the breeding process, the feeds fed are biological bait and treated squid, sand coccus, crab meat, small junk fish, and oysters. Since the hatching time of the fish in the same pond sometimes differs by more than a month and the size is not equal, special attention should be paid to the use of various food organisms during feeding. Basically, all kinds of food organisms should be fed in the first 1.5 months to ensure the larvae in various stages. Nutritional needs.
3. Manage the nursery water after secondary filtration, specific gravity 1.016 ~ 1.022, pH 8.0 ~ 8.4, water temperature controlled at 27 °C ~ 31 °C, dissolved oxygen 5mg / L or more. Inflate in time, often absorb the dirt, change the water 2 days to 3 days, to ensure that the water is fresh. Regular use of complexed iodine preparations, microbial preparations, etc. for disease prevention, feeding a variety of vitamins in the feed.
Sixth, adult fish breeding
1. Pond clearing Thoroughly clearing the pond can create suitable environmental conditions for the fry, which is an important measure to improve the growth rate and survival rate of the fry. After dredging the dry ponds for the last time, dredging and repairing were done. After drying for several days, clear lime was disinfected with quick-lime 100kg/mu, and certain water pipes, crocks, etc. were placed in the pond for the young fish to hide and inhabit.
2. After clearing the pond with water, the filtered seawater is injected 5 to 7 days before the fry is released, fertilizes, provides a nutrient basis for the proliferation of various algae, and maintains the stability of the water quality.
3. Fish fry stocking Select individual juvenile fish with large, vigorous and non-damaging stocks in stocking ponds for stocking, and put them into ponds in 3 batches. The first batch of stocking time was August 20, 2004. The average length of the fry was 18.5 cm, the average weight was 52.1 g, and the number was 108. The second batch of stocking time was October 15, 2004. The average length of fry was 19.6 cm. Weight 75.8g, the number of 106; the third batch of stocking time was November 1, 2004, the average length of fish fry 31.0cm, average weight 120.0g, the number of 97. After juvenile rearing, juveniles were fed at a total weight of 5%, and they were fed with processed cod, sandworm, crab meat, small junk fish, clams, and small-sized South American white prawn, and fed according to actual food intake. 1 meal on the 1st, pay attention to timing, fixed point.
4. Day-to-day management One aerator is installed in the pond, which is opened every day at noon for 1 hour. During the night, the opening time is 1 hour to 2 hours depending on the specific conditions to ensure that the dissolved oxygen in the pool water is above 5mg/L. One hour after the feed was fed, the food intake was checked and the food was eaten within 1.5 hours. The uneaten feed was sucked out with a siphon so as not to pollute the pool water. Daily detection of ammonia, nitrite, H2S, dissolved oxygen, etc., in the pool water, in order to grasp the changes in water quality, and make timely treatment. According to the need to add water or change the water, regularly add beneficial microbial agents such as photosynthetic bacteria, etc., to ensure the stable balance of the pond micro-ecosystem. The prevention and control of diseases is mainly prevention and prevention and control. When adding microorganisms to regulate water quality, the pool water can be disinfected with high-efficiency and low-toxicity complex iodine preparations as required.
VII. Breeding results The broodstock produced 6 batches of eggs and obtained 750 fertilized eggs. 650 hatched larvae, the hatching rate of 86%. After scavenging, the larvae grew well in shrimp rearing ponds after being marked (interimated). The first batch of striped bamboo sharks were put into shrimp ponds for a period of about 6 months and the average body length was 45 cm, and the average weight was 530 g.
VIII. Analysis and discussion
1. The natural striped-striped bamboo sharks that are harvested are placed in small bodies of water and artificially fortified to allow them to reach sexual maturity and serve as breeding parents.
2. The hatched fish fry can be cultured in a large area of ​​shrimp ponds without any disease or death. The survival rate of the culture is high. During the aquaculture process, except for a small amount of water change and the addition of photosynthetic bacteria to maintain the water balance, there was almost no use of drugs, and the quality of cultured commercial fish was high. The promotion of breeding of this species in coastal areas, especially in shrimp ponds, can optimize aquaculture structures and will be another good breeding species, which is worth further large-scale testing and promotion.
3. Because the shark's medicinal value and food value are both very impressive, it increases the fishing power of marine natural sharks and makes the limited natural resources increasingly depleted. After artificial breeding, a large number of markets can be supplied, which will certainly reduce the consumption of natural sharks, which has important practical significance for the protection of marine fishery resources.
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