The integrated water and fertilizer cultivation technology of watermelon is the technology that micro-drip irrigation and fertilization are implemented at the same time, and the fertilizer is melted to simultaneously perform irrigation and fertilization in water. The integrated water and fertilizer cultivation technology not only saves water, saves fertilizer, reduces pesticides, saves labor, saves labor, and saves money, but also increases production, early maturation, and improvement of quality. The agricultural water-saving irrigation area in Anci District of Langfang City is 36,000 mu. A high-standard drip irrigation of 200 mu is installed in the standard garden of Dabei City Village in the district, achieving water and fertilizer integration, saving 6%-8% of efficiency, and Laoting County. Canopy melon drip irrigation is a mature technology, contiguous demonstration area of ​​800 acres; Luancheng County, this year will implement 50,000 acres of greenhouse vegetables drip irrigation drip irrigation technology integration. The outline of the cultivation techniques for water and fertilizer in greenhouses is described as follows:
First, soil fertigation
In the shed, a gap of 3 meters is made between the north and the south. The fertilization amount is 20%-30% nitrogen fertilizer, 80% phosphate fertilizer, 30%-40% potassium fertilizer, insoluble fertilizer and organic fertilizer as base fertilizer. In conjunction with the site preparation, or half of the ditch applied in half. General Mushi quality circle fertilizer 3-4 cubic meters or 2-3 cubic meters of chicken manure, 30-50 kg of diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate 30-50 kg.
Second, laying pipe
The supervisor shall use a polyethylene plastic (PE) pipe with a diameter of 4 cm or 5 cm. The drip tape shall have a diameter of 16 mm and a thickness of 0.4 mm. The supervisor runs transversely across the shed or in the middle, and the drip irrigation belt runs through the greenhouse to plant rows. A bypass valve is connected between the main belt and the drip tape, and the length of the single-side drip tape is controlled within 50-55 meters. Cover the mulch after laying the belt.
Third, water and fertilizer coupling
The water power pump uses a 0.8-1.5 kW submersible pump or a 2-inch gasoline pump. The water supply is 4 cubic meters per mu and the water supply time is about 20 minutes. Fertilizers can be put in the headwater reservoir, and they can be directly transferred into the field after being dissolved. They can also be made into mother liquor in the fertilizing tank and connected to the water supply system through the Venturi fertiliser to enter the field with water.
Fertilizer topdressing must use all-soluble products, and there should be no precipitation or delamination. Commonly used ammonia, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium nitrate, urea, potassium sulfate, potassium chloride and so on. Phosphorus supplements generally use potassium dihydrogen phosphate and other soluble fertilizers for top dressing. Top dressing supplements micronutrient fertilizers, generally cannot be used together with phosphorus topdressing so as to avoid the formation of insoluble phosphate deposits and clogging of drippers or sprinklers. When applying topdressing, drip with water for more than 20 minutes, then drip irrigation with fertilizer. Note that the soluble salt concentration (EC value) in the water and fertilizer mixed solution is controlled at 0.5-1.5 millisiemens/cm and not more than 3 millisiemens/cm. At the end of fertilization, drip irrigation with water for 20 minutes. Rinse the pipe and dripper.
After planting and pouring a permeable, general drip irrigation should be 20-25 cubic meters. Drip irrigation once every 7-8 days, 5-8 cubic meters per mu. The drip irrigation period once every 7-8 days, each 8-10 cubic meters / mu. Melon vines 30-40 cm long combined with drip irrigation topdressing available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary fertilizer, Mushi nitrogen 1.5-2.5 kg, phosphorus pentoxide 0.6-0.9 kg, potassium oxide 2-3 kg. After the size of the fruit's eggs, water begins to drip when the surface of the soil is wet in the morning and dries at noon. The fruit enlargement period is drip once every 6-8 days, 8-10 cubic meters per mu. Combined with drip, fertilize with water 2-3 times, cumulative nitrogen 3.2-5.6 kg, phosphorus pentoxide 1-2 kg, potassium oxide 3.6-6.3 kg.
IV. Pest Control
The larvae were trapped in a shed to kill locusts and whiteflies. Aketai and imidacloprid were used to control locusts, and spirotetramat was sprayed to control whiteflies. Dubangkelu and thiophanate-methyl were used to control epidemic diseases, sclerotinia, anthrax, and sprayed with agricultural streptomycin or kasugamycin to prevent bacterial fruit spot disease.
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