On April 2, the State Food and Drug Administration issued the “Year of Food and Drug Supervision Statistics for 2017†(hereinafter referred to as the “Annual Reportâ€). Through the data on medicines in the "Annual Report", we can see the basic development of the pharmaceutical industry in 2017. The author interprets this series. This article explains the development of APIs and preparations.
Among them, the "Annual Report" shows that as of the end of November 2017, there were 4,376 manufacturers of APIs and preparations in the country.
By reading the data of previous annual reports, the author found that as of the end of November 2015, there were 5,065 raw material medicines and preparations in the country; as of the end of November 2016, there were 4,176 raw material medicines and preparations in the country. It can be seen that the number of pharmaceutical raw materials and preparation enterprises in the country has shown a decreasing trend in 2015-2017, and a total of 689 enterprises have been reduced. So what happened behind it?
It is reported that in 2016, the number of pharmaceutical production enterprises and the number of raw materials and preparation enterprises have decreased. This is because during the renewal of licenses for production enterprises, some enterprises have not passed the GMP certification, and they have not yet changed the conditions for renewal.
In 2017, China's API industry entered a cold winter period. Discontinued! Reduce production! Antitrust! Relocation tide! These are the hot words that are familiar in 2017. The environmental storm, known as “the most stringent in historyâ€, swept the entire API industry.
In March 2017, the Ministry of Environmental Protection, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance, the National Energy Administration, and the People's Governments of Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong, and Henan Province issued the “Air Pollution Prevention and Control Work in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei and Surrounding Areas in 2017â€. The plan clearly requires that the pharmaceutical and pesticide companies in the '2+26' city stop production in the winter heating season. The implementation scope includes Tianjin, Beijing, Shijiazhuang, Jinan, Zhengzhou and Taiyuan.
In December 2017, the Ministry of Environmental Protection, the National Development and Reform Commission and other 10 ministries and commissions, in conjunction with Beijing, Hebei and other six provinces (municipalities) government issued the "Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas in the autumn and winter of 2017-2018 comprehensive measures to combat air pollution," in particular, Pharmaceutical companies involved in the production of APIs will be suspended from production in violation of the discharge process.
Under the supervision of continuous environmental protection policies, in 2017, some raw material pharmaceutical enterprises reduced production by 80%, dozens of pharmaceutical companies were facing production suspension, and 100 pharmaceutical companies needed to relocate, which shows that the impact is large. In this context, many pharmaceutical companies have also transformed from APIs to preparations to find new outlets.
Industry insiders have said that "from the trend point of view, the transition from APIs to preparations is a new direction of internationalization. At present, the export of preparations is unlikely to replace the APIs. The bulk of the APIs is large and large, and the transformation is not easy. You should look for your own unique development path."
In addition to environmental protection, in February 2017, China issued "Several Opinions on Further Reforming and Improving the Policy of Drug Production and Use" to guide the adjustment of the pharmaceutical industry. Later, the series of related supporting policies, such as the generic evaluation policy of generic drugs and the two-vote policy, also affected the fate of some pharmaceutical companies.
The disappearance of a large number of pharmaceutical companies has caused fears in the industry, and in 2018, environmental protection has been upgraded. From January 1st, the "Environmental Protection Tax Law" was officially implemented, further curbing the major reshuffle of the API industry.
The industry believes that the implementation of environmental protection tax will cause greater survival pressure and difficulty for raw material drug companies on the one hand, but on the other hand, it will help promote industry reshuffle, form a situation of survival and inferiority, and guide the industry toward higher standards. Row.
Under this circumstance, it can be predicted that the number of disappearance of pharmaceutical companies will increase in the future, and it is difficult for small and medium-sized enterprises, especially those with low levels of survival, to survive!
Rib Locking Plate System is suitable for the fixation of rib fractures,which includes rib locking plate,rib locking screw and rib plate.
Ribs are structures throughout the thoracic cavity that protect vital organs such as the lungs, heart, and liver.The human body has 12 symmetrical pairs of ribs.
Where did the fracture occur?
Rib fractures are more common in adults. Fractures of one or more ribs may occur, and multiple fractures of the same rib may occur. The first to third ribs are shorter, protected by the scapula, clavicle, and upper arm, and are generally less prone to injury, while the floating ribs are more elastic and less prone to fracture. Fractures usually occur in four to seven ribs.
What is the cause of the fracture?
1. Direct violence. Fractures occur where violence directly affects them. They are usually cross-sectional or comminuted. Fracture fragments are often displaced inward and easily penetrate into the lungs, causing pneumothorax and hemothorax.
2. Indirect violence, chest is squeezed back and forth, fractures often occur near the axillary midline. The end of the fracture protruded outwards, which easily punctured the skin and caused open fractures, such as collapse or improper exertion during external cardiac massage. There have also been cases of posterior rib fractures due to violent blows to the anterior chest, or anterior rib fractures due to blows to the posterior chest. Most of the fractures were oblique.
3. Mix violence and others.
What type does fracture have?
1. Simple fracture
2. Incomplete fracture: mostly crack or green branch fracture
3. Complete fracture: most of them are transverse, oblique or comminuted
4. Multiple fractures: one bone and two fractures, multiple rib fractures
5. Open fracture: mostly caused by indirect violence or firearm injury
What are the complications of sternal fracture?
1. Abnormal breathing 2. Pneumothorax 3. Hemothorax
Rib Plate,rib fracture,internal fixation surgery,broken ribs treatment
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