According to reports by Wang Qilun et al. in 1996, sweet cherries were grown in plastic greenhouses. Compared with general field cultivation under the same conditions, in the fourth year after planting, the output of the former rose by 42.9%, the unit price increased by 4.7 times, the output value increased by 7.1 times, and the investment increased by 5.4 times. The net income increased by 7.3 times and the net income of the mu was 42022.1 yuan. The key technologies for the cultivation of sweet cherries in greenhouses are:
(1) Selecting good stocks and varieties, and adopting reasonable density: Select “Laiyang dwarf cherries†as the rootstock to make the tree dwarf, easy to form flower buds, and early results, which will facilitate the cultivation of greenhouses; the selection of varieties should be based on fine early maturing varieties, such as “ Da Zi, Zhi Zhi Hong, Red Light, etc.; planting spacing is 2.5 meters x 2.0 meters.
(2) Strengthen the management of fertilizers and waters: Based on the application of base fertilizers in autumn each year, the fertilizers and foliar fertilizers are applied in the growing season. Top dressing 2 times, after flowering and after fruit harvesting, using radial guttering, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium per plant each contain 0.3% to 0.6 kg of ternary compound fertilizer, 3 times foliar fertilizer, urea Borax and photosynthetic fertilizers.
(3) Proper plastic pruning: According to the shed width, 3-4 rows of sweet cherry trees are set in the shed, and 1-2 rows are used to improve the sparse layer shape; the two rows of trees on both sides adopt a plexiform shape. Both types of tree pruning are mainly summer shears, supplemented by winter shears.
(4) timely control of pests and diseases: the colonization of semi-finished product sprouts, pay attention to the prevention of weevil, beetles, fruit buds and young leaves, the method is in the buds on the set of plastic bags longer than 30 cm, then sprout buds after germination, new shoots Remove the bag when it reaches approximately 30 cm. Bordeticide and lime equivalent Bordeaux mixture for the growth season to prevent perforation, leaf spot, dry rot and fruit rot, etc. Caterpillars and moths are killed by 1-2 instar larvae at the time of spraying at 20% speed to kill diced oil. 2000 times liquid prevention.
(5) Reasonably build sheds and cover membranes in phases: 2-3 years after the cultivation of seedlings in open fields, sheds are constructed. The main frame of the shed is made of reinforced concrete columns. The row spacing of the stand is 1.5-2.0 meters (parallel to the length of the shed) and the distance between the sheds. 2.5-3.0 meters, the top height of the middle shelf 2.0-2.2 meters, shoulder height of 1.5-1.6 meters on both sides, with bamboo rafts for the arch, with bamboo bars for the pressure rod. It is advisable that the length of the greenhouse is north-south and the temperature within the shed is relatively uniform, and the birth of the tree is more orderly. The area of ​​a shed is 330-800 square meters, which is 7.5-10.0 meters in width and 44-80 meters in length. The area is too large. , Inconvenient management; area is too small, poor insulation properties, large temperature difference between day and night. There are working doors at both ends of the greenhouse, ventilation windows on the roof and the shed side. The working doors are 1.5 meters high and 0.7 meters wide. The ventilation windows are 0.8 meters long and 0.5 meters wide with a spacing of 5-8 meters. In the Laiyang area from January 7th to February 10th, a suitable interval of 17 days is divided into 3 times, which can make the fruit of sweet cherries “Big Purpleâ€, “Red Light†and “Rainilâ€, from 4 From May 22 to May 30 (a total of 38 days) matured one after another, with the fruit ripening period of Daejeon, from May 30 to June 17 (a total of 19 days). The film should be used without drip, straw A straw curtain with a thickness of 3 cm and a width of 120 cm is required to have a consistent weave and a strong and durable fabric.
(6) Strengthen pollination and improve fruit setting: Most varieties of sweet cherries are self-infertile. In addition to good planting and pollination varieties, flowering bees or artificially-assisted pollination should be adopted. Feather dusters should be gently used between different tree species. Wipe the flowers, early mixed spray borax, urea, 300 times each, or full bloom and full flower spray 1-2 times 30-40 mg / kg gibberellin, shed sweet cherry flowers to achieve a fruit set rate of 85 %.
(7) Temperature and humidity management: The temperature in the greenhouse mainly depends on the switch ventilation window, operation door and uncovering the straw curtain. At the same time when the greenhouse is covered with film, covering the film in the shed can increase the ground temperature by 2-3°C; After 1-3 days ventilation window, the door is fully open, 4-7 days to open the night off, 8-10 days gradually cover the grass curtain; to gradually increase the temperature within the shed, the daytime temperature is 11-12 °C , 1°C increase every 2-3 days, flowering time 18-20°C, young fruit period 20-22°C, coloring period 22-24°C, night temperature, early 4-9°C, late 10-14°C The temperature in the booth is too high. During the daytime at 10-15°C, ventilation and ventilation must be strengthened. The temperature control should not exceed 25°C. The air humidity in the shed should be about 80% of the relative humidity from the film to the germination stage. The flowering period should be 50%-60%. The fruit coloring period should be about 50%. The humidity is too high, which will affect the pollination and cause the disease to spread.
(8) Timely removal of the membrane: In addition to the membrane timing, depending on the weather conditions and the fruit growth period, after the frost period expires, the coverings on both sides of the greenhouse can be unrolled and rolled up to the shoulders of the shed, and the air can be exercised for 2-3 days. Remove the pressure rod from the membrane and roll the membrane on the side of the greenhouse to enhance the light, promote the coloration of the fruit, increase the sugar content of the fruit, reduce the temperature or the rainy day, and re-cover the membrane wound to the side of the greenhouse. temperature. After the fruit is harvested, the film is completely removed.
(1) Selecting good stocks and varieties, and adopting reasonable density: Select “Laiyang dwarf cherries†as the rootstock to make the tree dwarf, easy to form flower buds, and early results, which will facilitate the cultivation of greenhouses; the selection of varieties should be based on fine early maturing varieties, such as “ Da Zi, Zhi Zhi Hong, Red Light, etc.; planting spacing is 2.5 meters x 2.0 meters.
(2) Strengthen the management of fertilizers and waters: Based on the application of base fertilizers in autumn each year, the fertilizers and foliar fertilizers are applied in the growing season. Top dressing 2 times, after flowering and after fruit harvesting, using radial guttering, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium per plant each contain 0.3% to 0.6 kg of ternary compound fertilizer, 3 times foliar fertilizer, urea Borax and photosynthetic fertilizers.
(3) Proper plastic pruning: According to the shed width, 3-4 rows of sweet cherry trees are set in the shed, and 1-2 rows are used to improve the sparse layer shape; the two rows of trees on both sides adopt a plexiform shape. Both types of tree pruning are mainly summer shears, supplemented by winter shears.
(4) timely control of pests and diseases: the colonization of semi-finished product sprouts, pay attention to the prevention of weevil, beetles, fruit buds and young leaves, the method is in the buds on the set of plastic bags longer than 30 cm, then sprout buds after germination, new shoots Remove the bag when it reaches approximately 30 cm. Bordeticide and lime equivalent Bordeaux mixture for the growth season to prevent perforation, leaf spot, dry rot and fruit rot, etc. Caterpillars and moths are killed by 1-2 instar larvae at the time of spraying at 20% speed to kill diced oil. 2000 times liquid prevention.
(5) Reasonably build sheds and cover membranes in phases: 2-3 years after the cultivation of seedlings in open fields, sheds are constructed. The main frame of the shed is made of reinforced concrete columns. The row spacing of the stand is 1.5-2.0 meters (parallel to the length of the shed) and the distance between the sheds. 2.5-3.0 meters, the top height of the middle shelf 2.0-2.2 meters, shoulder height of 1.5-1.6 meters on both sides, with bamboo rafts for the arch, with bamboo bars for the pressure rod. It is advisable that the length of the greenhouse is north-south and the temperature within the shed is relatively uniform, and the birth of the tree is more orderly. The area of ​​a shed is 330-800 square meters, which is 7.5-10.0 meters in width and 44-80 meters in length. The area is too large. , Inconvenient management; area is too small, poor insulation properties, large temperature difference between day and night. There are working doors at both ends of the greenhouse, ventilation windows on the roof and the shed side. The working doors are 1.5 meters high and 0.7 meters wide. The ventilation windows are 0.8 meters long and 0.5 meters wide with a spacing of 5-8 meters. In the Laiyang area from January 7th to February 10th, a suitable interval of 17 days is divided into 3 times, which can make the fruit of sweet cherries “Big Purpleâ€, “Red Light†and “Rainilâ€, from 4 From May 22 to May 30 (a total of 38 days) matured one after another, with the fruit ripening period of Daejeon, from May 30 to June 17 (a total of 19 days). The film should be used without drip, straw A straw curtain with a thickness of 3 cm and a width of 120 cm is required to have a consistent weave and a strong and durable fabric.
(6) Strengthen pollination and improve fruit setting: Most varieties of sweet cherries are self-infertile. In addition to good planting and pollination varieties, flowering bees or artificially-assisted pollination should be adopted. Feather dusters should be gently used between different tree species. Wipe the flowers, early mixed spray borax, urea, 300 times each, or full bloom and full flower spray 1-2 times 30-40 mg / kg gibberellin, shed sweet cherry flowers to achieve a fruit set rate of 85 %.
(7) Temperature and humidity management: The temperature in the greenhouse mainly depends on the switch ventilation window, operation door and uncovering the straw curtain. At the same time when the greenhouse is covered with film, covering the film in the shed can increase the ground temperature by 2-3°C; After 1-3 days ventilation window, the door is fully open, 4-7 days to open the night off, 8-10 days gradually cover the grass curtain; to gradually increase the temperature within the shed, the daytime temperature is 11-12 °C , 1°C increase every 2-3 days, flowering time 18-20°C, young fruit period 20-22°C, coloring period 22-24°C, night temperature, early 4-9°C, late 10-14°C The temperature in the booth is too high. During the daytime at 10-15°C, ventilation and ventilation must be strengthened. The temperature control should not exceed 25°C. The air humidity in the shed should be about 80% of the relative humidity from the film to the germination stage. The flowering period should be 50%-60%. The fruit coloring period should be about 50%. The humidity is too high, which will affect the pollination and cause the disease to spread.
(8) Timely removal of the membrane: In addition to the membrane timing, depending on the weather conditions and the fruit growth period, after the frost period expires, the coverings on both sides of the greenhouse can be unrolled and rolled up to the shoulders of the shed, and the air can be exercised for 2-3 days. Remove the pressure rod from the membrane and roll the membrane on the side of the greenhouse to enhance the light, promote the coloration of the fruit, increase the sugar content of the fruit, reduce the temperature or the rainy day, and re-cover the membrane wound to the side of the greenhouse. temperature. After the fruit is harvested, the film is completely removed.
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