Recently, bioengineering researchers have attempted to embed human heart cell tissue into a microfluidic chip to study the heart's response to drug stimulation.
Clinical trials have attempted to replace humans in the early stages of drug testing, but animals often fail to respond to the drug's related reactions in humans because the responses of different drugs in different types of organisms vary widely. The particle flow of different kinds of proteins differs when entering and exiting the human heart and other things, and the amount of protein particles that can enter and exit is also different.
To this end, researchers at Berkeley, Calif., hope to develop human heart cells that grow on the chip, replacing animals as receptors for early drug testing. These (long on-chip) cells are derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells by inducing differentiation into different types of tissue cells. Microfluidic channels on the chip are used to simulate blood vessels in the heart, providing nutrients and drugs to heart cells.
These heart cells are able to move at a normal heart rate (55-80 beats per minute) within 24 hours after being assembled into a simulated device. The team has now tested four well-known heart drugs with this device, and the response from the heart chip is also consistent with the expected efficacy. For example, when a certain amount of isoproterenol (a drug used to treat arrhythmia) is injected, the heart rate of the heart chip rises to 124 times per minute.
One of the design goals of this organ chip is for future research and development of new cardiac drugs to provide a relevant response of the human heart under drug stimulation. Currently, heart cells are able to remain active on the chip for several weeks, during which time heart cells can mimic normal human cells for testing various drugs.
In addition, the team claimed that in addition to simulating normal human hearts, heart cells can be replaced with heart cells of some genetic diseases to test the response of hereditary heart disease to drugs. Moreover, cells of different tissues and organs are extracted and cultured to prepare a pair of organ chips. These chips are then assembled and, as long as the technology is mature, the effects of interaction between different organs can be simulated under drug stimulation. Bringing a leapfrog revolution to drug testing.
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