Nanotechnology has become one of the key technologies in the 21st century and is of great significance to the advancement of science and technology in various fields. Previous studies have shown that nanotechnology can be applied to medicine, pharmacy, biology, chemistry and information technology.
The penetration and impact of nanotechnology on medicine, bioengineering and pharmacy is obvious. Nano-robot is the most tempting content of nanotechnology in the medical field. It can act as a micro-doctor in biomedical engineering, solving the problems that doctors can't solve with traditional technology. The important application of nanotechnology in pharmacy - drug nano-controlled release system has been widely studied as a new drug delivery system, especially in the fields of targeted and localized administration, mucosal absorption administration, gene therapy and controlled release of protein peptides. Nanoparticles have irreplaceable advantages.
In the following content, the editors summarized the progress made in the field of nanomedicine in the past.
1.PNAS: Nanoparticle "drug bomb" can improve cancer chemotherapy effect
Chemotherapy is an important treatment for cancer, but there are many negative effects in this method, and colleagues who kill tumor cells will destroy the surrounding healthy tissue. As a result, a group of international research organizations have developed a more specific drug delivery method that can effectively reduce the toxicity of chemotherapy. The core of this method is a "bomb cluster" composed of nanoparticles.
This new technology is mainly used to improve the targeting of the chemotherapy drug “chloroammoniumâ€. By attaching drug molecules to particles of 100 nanometers in size, it is possible to smoothly pass through the blood vessels to reach the tumor tissue. When they reach their destination, the acidic environment around these cancer cells can break down the entire "bomb cluster" into small particles of 5 nanometers, allowing smooth penetration into the interior of tumor cells.
2.PNAS: Nanoparticle Reporting System detects the effectiveness of chemotherapy drugs in real time
Researchers from Brigham and Women's Hospital have developed a new technology based on preclinical models that can detect the effectiveness of treatments in as little as 8 hours after chemotherapy. This technique can also be used to test the effectiveness of immunotherapy.
The new technology takes advantage of the activation of caspase during apoptosis, and the researchers designed a reporter component that emits green fluorescence when activated caspase occurs. This study demonstrates that the technology can directly visualize the responsiveness of chemotherapeutic drugs and immunotherapeutics to facilitate the evaluation of efficacy.
3. Nano artificial red blood cells can accurately treat cancer
Recently, Dr. Zheng Mingbin from the School of Pharmacy of Guangdong Medical University and Cai Lintao and Ma Yifan from the Institute of Advanced Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences made breakthroughs in the visualization of cancer by nano artificial red blood cells.
The team used a polymer-loaded photosensitizer (phthalocyanine green)-oxygen carrier (hemoglobin) complex to cover the erythrocyte membrane-like phospholipid layer, and constructed nano artificial red blood cells with oxygen and oxygen release functions. Nano-artificial red blood cells carry hemoglobin, oxygen and photosensitizers into the tumor, breaking through the obstacles of photodynamic therapy caused by tumor hypoxia microenvironment and insufficient oxygen supply; laser irradiation produces singlet oxygen and high-valent iron that kill cells. Hemoglobin achieves efficient treatment of tumors.
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