The eyes are the windows of the soul. If there is such a window on the bones, then we can see through the bone marrow and better study its development and related diseases. Now, a new technology developed by the California Institute of Technology can make intact bones "transparent", allowing researchers to directly observe the stem cells in the bone marrow with an optical microscope. The technological breakthrough, published in Science's "Science Translational Medicine", allows people to better test the efficacy of drugs such as osteoporosis.
In healthy bones, there is a dynamic and delicate balance between the osteoblasts of the new bone and the osteoclast that breaks down the old bone. This process is controlled by the stem cell fraction in the bone marrow, which is the osteoprogenitor. Osteoprogenitor cells differentiate into osteoblasts and bone cells to regulate and maintain the skeletal system. This mechanism is important for the health of bones. A sustained net loss of bone increases the risk of fracture and leads to osteoporosis. In order to effectively cope with this disease, we must study the behavior of stem cells in the bone marrow. However, this rare cell population is distributed throughout the bone in an uneven manner.
â–² Dynamic adjustment of bone (Source: Nature Medicine)
“Because of the scarcity of the bone stem cell population, it is difficult to deduce the number and location of the population from the observation of several bone sections,†said Dr. Alon Greenbaum, co-first author of the article: “In addition, the sampling process of bone slices itself It can lead to bone loss and destroy the complex micro-environment of stem cells in the bones, so we still need to be able to observe in intact bone tissue."
To do this, the authors used CLARITY technology. Originally developed by Dr. Alon Greenbaum, who was also a postdoctoral researcher at Stanford University, it was able to make soft tissues such as the brain transparent. CLARITY technology removes opaque lipid molecules from cells while also providing a transparent hydrogel to provide structural support. Later, Dr. Alon Greenbaum's team at Caltech expanded the application of the technology to make the soft tissues of the entire mouse body transparent. Now, the team decided to go a step further and found a way to make the hard tissue like bones transparent, Bone CLARITY.
â–² Perspective bone imaging of Bone CLARITY technology (Source: Science Translational Medicine)
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