First, sexual maturity and appropriate initial age
The age of first occurrence of estrus in the male and female lambs is the puberty, which is usually called sexual maturity. At this time, secondary sex signs have emerged, which can produce mature germ cells (spermatozoa or ovum) and have reproductive progeny. Ability, but not suitable for immediate breeding. Boer goat mothers usually have 6-8 months of puberty, and 40% to 60% of their annual weight. Rams have sexual behavior at 4 months of age, such as crawling, can discharge sperm. However, due to the fact that male and female ewes are not fully mature when they reach sexual maturity, the premature mating pair itself and the offspring's growth and development are unfavorable. Therefore, the Boer goat ewes generally have an initial age of more than 10 months, and the rams have an initial age of more than 12 months.
Second, estrus
Boer goats are precocious and estrus animals. The puberty period is generally 6 to 8 months, and the estrus season is obvious. In the spring and autumn seasons, when the temperature is suitable and the fodder is abundant, the estrus is relatively concentrated and estrus is rare in summer. Estrus cycle 19 to 24 days, an average of 21 days, estrus duration of 24 to 48 hours, 30 to 40 hours after estrus began ovulation. Nursing ewes can be estrus 7 to 10 days after weaning. Ejaculation estrus is mainly manifested as: excitement, tweets, constantly swinging tail, frequent urination, climbing across other ewes, loss of appetite, congestion and swelling of the genitals are red, vaginal relaxation and secretion of mucus, and sometimes from the genital outflow. Abnormal estrus, due to malnutrition, improper feeding and management, or sudden changes in environmental conditions. The following are common:
1, quiet estrus: due to lack of estrogen secretion, estrus lack of obvious estrus performance, but ovarian ovarian follicles mature and ovulate.
2, short estrus: estrus period is very short, do not pay attention to miss the breeding period.
3, intermittent estrus: ewes long period of estrus, and estrus intermittent, often occurs in early spring malnourished ewes.
Third, estrus identification
In the breeding of Boer goats, estrus identification is a very important part. The purpose of the identification is to promptly find the estrus ewes and correctly master the time of mating or artificial insemination in order to prevent accidental misfitting and to reduce the conception rate and lambing rate. There are three main methods for the identification of estrus in goats:
1. External observation method: It is a commonly used method to identify ewes in the ewes and is mainly judged by observing the external performance and mental state of the ewes. The Boer Goat's ewes showed marked excitement, loss of appetite, cessation of rumination, loud vocalizations, tails, genital and vaginal engorgement, swelling, and relaxation, and the discharge or excretion of a small amount of mucus during estrus.
2, vaginal examination method: This is a more accurate estrus identification method. Judging whether or not estrus occurs by examining the changes in the vaginal mucosa, secretions, and cervix ostia with an opener. During the vaginal examination, the ewe is first secured, the vulva is washed, then the opener is cleaned, disinfected, and coated with lubricant. The inspector holds the opener in the left hand, closes the front end, and slowly inserts it from the vault entrance. Open the front end and check the internal vaginal changes with a flashlight. When the vaginal mucous membrane is found to be hyperemia, red, the surface is bright and moist, there is a clear mucous exudation, the cervix is ​​congested, relaxed, open, and there is mucus outflow, then it can be determined as estrus. After the inspection, close the opener and gently withdraw.
3, test method: 1 time a day or 2 times a day will be the timing of the ram into the ewes group. The location of the test site should be leveled so that it can be easily observed and driven away from the ewes. When the ram is put into the ewes group, the staff members do not yell. They can drive the ewes to the proper level so that the ewes are not crowded together. When the ram is found to be sniffing the ewes or using hooves to tease the ewes, or even climb to the back of the ewes, and the ewes stand still or actively approach the ram, such ewes are estrus mothers. sheep. At this point, the estrus ewes should be immediately isolated for breeding. It takes about 1 hour for the trial time.
Fourth, determine the timing of ovulation and timely breeding
The ovulation time of Boer goats is mostly in the late stage of estrus, and 90% of young goats ovulate about 30 hours after the onset of estrus. 75% to 85% of the ewes ovulated about 40 hours after the onset of estrus. According to the relevant data, the suitable breeding time is generally 5 to 8 hours before the end of estrus, ie, 30 to 35 hours after the onset of estrus, breeding can be started. The young sheep are slightly advanced and the sheep are delayed slightly. In addition, according to the needs of estrus, long-lasting estrus, can be re-assigned at intervals of 5 to 10 hours.
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